{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1790449335174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2002Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique using labeled blood-water of the brain-feeding arteries as an endogenous tracer to derive information about brain perfusion. It enables the assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method\u2002This review aims to provide a methodological and technical overview of ASL techniques, and to give examples of clinical use cases for various diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). There is a special focus on recent developments including super-selective ASL (ssASL) and time-resolved ASL-based magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and on diseases commonly not leading to characteristic alterations on conventional structural MRI (e.\u200ag., concussion or migraine).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2002ASL-derived CBF may represent a clinically relevant parameter in various pathologies such as cerebrovascular diseases, neoplasms, or neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, ASL has also been used to investigate CBF in mild traumatic brain injury or migraine, potentially leading to the establishment of imaging-based biomarkers. Recent advances made possible the acquisition of ssASL by selective labeling of single brain-feeding arteries, enabling spatial perfusion territory mapping dependent on blood flow of a specific preselected artery. Furthermore, ASL-based MRA has been introduced, providing time-resolved delineation of single intracranial vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2002Perfusion imaging by ASL has shown promise in various diseases of the CNS.\u200aGiven that ASL does not require intravenous administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent, it may be of particular interest for investigations in pediatric cohorts, patients with impaired kidney function, patients with relevant allergies, or patients that undergo serial MRI for clinical indications such as disease monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key Points:\u2002<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2119-5574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T18:45:07Z","timestamp":1689792307000},"page":"36-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) in Neuroradiological Diagnostics \u2013 Methodological Overview and Use Cases"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"196","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"cBrain, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severin","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Hernandez Petzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Nigris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cBrain, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Rosskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology, Bezirkskrankenhaus G\u00fcnzburg, G\u00fcnzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"B\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics \u2013 Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity \u2013 iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Bonfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics \u2013 Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity \u2013 iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Berndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Gr\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kassubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Kreiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universit\u00e4ts- und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga K.","family":"Koerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cBrain, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Liebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik 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