{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:09:32Z","timestamp":1775686172618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients often present with a complaint of nasal blockage, either primarily, or in conjunction with aesthetic concerns. The evaluation of the patient with nasal obstruction involves a comprehensive history and a detailed physical examination. The nose is an organ in which form and function are inseparable, and as such, examination of the patient with nasal obstruction must focus not only the internal structures that may cause obstruction of the nasal airway, but also the external structure of the nose as it impacts nasal breathing. Detailed facial analysis and a systematic nasal examination will reveal details regarding nasal obstruction due to internal sources such as septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or nasal lining abnormalities, and structural abnormalities such as nasal valve collapse or external nasal deformity. This approach, in categorizing each component of the nasal exam and its findings, allows the surgeon to formulate an appropriate treatment plan that emerges from the details of the examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2122-7251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T22:53:29Z","timestamp":1688511209000},"page":"590-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Patient with Nasal Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3912","article-title":"Inferior turbinate hypertrophy: review and graduated approach to surgical management","volume":"27","author":"J Brunworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of nasal obstruction","volume":"51","author":"D W Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2017.12.005","article-title":"International consensus (ICON) on functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty","volume":"135","author":"S Albert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Philosophy and principles of rhinoplasty","author":"T J Walker","year":"2016"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.05.009","article-title":"Surgical management of nasal valve collapse","volume":"51","author":"S Samra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1669401","article-title":"Ideal facial relationships and goals","volume":"34","author":"H Bueller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Proportions of the Aesthetic Face","author":"N Powell","year":"1984"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01930-9","article-title":"Body dysmorphic disorder in rhinoplasty candidates: prevalence and functional correlations","volume":"45","author":"T SC de Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","first-page":"e66","article-title":"Validation of a grading system for lateral nasal wall insufficiency","volume":"4","author":"G J Tsao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006835","article-title":"Male rhinoplasty: update","volume":"145","author":"R J Rohrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2122-7251.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T15:53:44Z","timestamp":1730822024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2122-7251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2122-7251","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]}}}