{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:31:09Z","timestamp":1765960269569,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Smoking cessation therapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is used perioperatively to assist patients to reduce their tobacco smoke intake and consequently decrease their risk of smoking-associated complications. There are, however, theoretical concerns that nicotine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction could impair wound healing. This study investigated the effect of NRT on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing breast surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing breast surgery within the Yale New Haven Health System from the years 2014 to 2020 was performed. Documented smoking status within 6 months before surgery, use or prescription of NRT, type of surgery, and surgical complications of infection, wound dehiscence, tissue necrosis, hematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, and return to operating room within 30 days were recorded. Demographic and complication data were compared between patients with NRT usage and those without using t-tests and chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to predict the effect of NRT usage on the occurrence of any complication.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 613 breast procedures met inclusion criteria, of which 105 (17.2%) had documented NRT use. The NRT cohort and the non-NRT cohort were well balanced with respect to demographics and procedural variables. Upon multivariable modeling for risk of any surgical complication, NRT was not a significant predictor (odds ratio [OR]: 1.199, p\u2009=\u20090.607 and OR: 0.974, p\u2009=\u20090.912, respectively), whereas procedure type, increased body mass index, and increased age were.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003NRT use was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications compared with not using NRT as part of smoking cessation therapy prior to operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2133-1130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T22:51:56Z","timestamp":1689807116000},"page":"239-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Breast Surgery Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2047-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Junn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiti","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fucito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182764fcd","article-title":"The evils of nicotine: an evidence-based guide to smoking and plastic surgery","volume":"70","author":"B Rinker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f632d","article-title":"Wound healing and infection in surgery: the pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation, and nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic 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postoperative complications after breast reconstruction using free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous, deep inferior epigastric perforator, and superficial inferior epigastric artery flap: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"K T Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1376400","article-title":"Morphomic analysis for preoperative donor site risk assessment in patients undergoing abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction: a proof of concept study","volume":"30","author":"B Levi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.03.031","article-title":"Impact of obesity on outcomes in breast reconstruction: analysis of 15,937 patients from the ACS-NSQIP datasets","volume":"217","author":"J P Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.02.066","article-title":"Acute effects of nicotine and smoking on blood flow, tissue oxygen, and aerobe metabolism of the skin and subcutis","volume":"152","author":"L T S\u00f8rensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714426","article-title":"Impact of smoking status in free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction: a multicenter study","volume":"36","author":"L Prantl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1639377","article-title":"Does cigarette smoking harm microsurgical free flap reconstruction?","volume":"34","author":"D Ehrl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"9301","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07369-5","article-title":"Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"359","author":"A M M\u00f8ller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181889d0d","article-title":"Effects of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention on postoperative complications: a randomized trial","volume":"248","author":"D Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2133-1130.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T14:59:51Z","timestamp":1730818791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2133-1130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2133-1130","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-684X","1098-8947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0743-684X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-8947"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]}}}