{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T19:02:14Z","timestamp":1732042934637,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003This study aimed to evaluate which of five established norms should be used for sonographic assessment of fetal head circumference (HC).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Cross-sectional study using pooled data from four maternal\u2013fetal medicine practices. Inclusion criteria were singleton fetus, gestational age 220\/7 to 396\/7 weeks, biometry measured, and fetal cardiac activity present. Five norms of HC were studied: Jeanty et al, Hadlock et al, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21st), the World Health Organization Fetal Growth Curves (WHO), and the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies unified standard (NICHD-U). The fit of our HC measurements to each norm was assessed by these criteria: mean z-score close to 0, standard deviation (SD) of z close to 1, low Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov D-statistic, high Youden J-statistic, close to 10% of exams &gt;90th percentile, close to 10% of exams &lt;10th percentile, and close to 2.28% of exams &gt;2 SD below the mean.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003In 23,565 ultrasound exams, our HC measurements had the best fit to the WHO standard (mean z-score 0.10, SD of z\u2009=\u20091.01, D-statistic &lt;0.01, J-statistic 0.83\u20130.94). The SD of the Jeanty reference was much larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of abnormal HC. The means of the IG-21st and NICHD-U standards were smaller than the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of small HC. The means of the Hadlock reference were larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in overdiagnosis of small HC. Restricting the analysis to a low-risk subgroup of 4,423 exams without risk factors for large- or small-for-gestational age produced similar results.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003The WHO standard is likely best for diagnosis of abnormal HC. The Jeanty (Chervenak) reference suggested by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine had poor sensitivity for microcephaly screening.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2135-6838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T23:12:38Z","timestamp":1690240358000},"page":"e2625-e2635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Selection of Standards for Sonographic Fetal Head Circumference by Use of z-Scores"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"C. Andrew","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrix Center for Research, Education, Quality and Safety, Pediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise, Florida"},{"name":"Obstetrix of San Jose, Campbell, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber del","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrix of San Jose, Campbell, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaide Ashimi","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrix Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Associates of Sacramento, Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastside Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists, Bellevue, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","first-page":"E13","article-title":"AIUM-ACR-ACOG-SMFM-SRU practice parameter for the performance of standard diagnostic obstetric ultrasound examinations","volume":"37","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.043","article-title":"Ultrasound screening for fetal microcephaly following Zika virus exposure","volume":"214","author":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90027-9","article-title":"The diagnosis of fetal microcephaly","volume":"149","author":"F A Chervenak","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999987","article-title":"A longitudinal study of fetal head biometry","volume":"1","author":"P Jeanty","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.152.2.6739822","article-title":"Estimating fetal age: computer-assisted analysis of multiple fetal growth parameters","volume":"152","author":"F P Hadlock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9946","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2","article-title":"International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project","volume":"384","author":"A T Papageorghiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002220","article-title":"The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: a multinational longitudinal study of ultrasound biometric measurements and estimated fetal weight","volume":"14","author":"T Kiserud","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.12.006","article-title":"Unified standard for fetal growth: the NICHD fetal growth studies","volume":"226","author":"K L Grantz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.138.4.649","article-title":"Fetal head circumference: relation to menstrual age","volume":"138","author":"F P Hadlock","year":"1982","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70423-9","volume-title":"Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"M Hansmann","year":"1986"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","first-page":"873","article-title":"Curve trasversali dell'accrescimento fetale. 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