{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T23:19:03Z","timestamp":1756682343352,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective Slow-release GnRH agonist implants (SRI) are used for reversible\nmedical downregulation of testicular function in male dogs as an alternative to\nsurgery. The 4.7\u2009mg deslorelin SRI should reduce testosterone after\n6\u20138 weeks and induce castration-like effects for 6 months (mon).\nHowever, some individual variation is described in the field in regard to onset\nand duration of effect. For this reason, we aimed to study the effects of the\n4.7\u2009mg deslorelin SRI in a larger cohort.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material and methods In total 50 intact, healthy male dogs (12\u201348\nmonths, mon; 9\u201340\u2009kg) were treated with a 4.7\u2009mg\ndeslorelin SRI into the umbilical area (TG, n=45) or served as untreated\ncontrols (CG, n=5). CG dogs were surgically castrated after measurement\nof testicular dimensions and blood sampling for testosterone. In TG, SRIs\nremained for 5 mon in place and subsequently 3\u20137 male dogs were\nsurgically castrated at removal (week, W 0) or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 10\nweeks later. Examination parameters were testicular dimensions (before\ntreatment, at 4, 8, 12\u2009W, 5 mon, weekly until castration), testosterone\n(before treatment, at 8\u2009W, 5 mon, castration) and testicular histology\n(castration).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Whereas examination parameters did not differ between CG and TG\nbefore treatment, testicular volume and testosterone was significantly reduced\nat all time points during treatment. In all but 3 (8\u2009W) and 2 male dogs\n(5 mon) testosterone was basal during treatment before removal, whereas the\nparameters were significantly reduced compared to pre-treatment in the\nrespective dogs. After implant removal, testosterone and testicular volumes\nincreased. However, different to earlier studies, the \u201erestart\u201c\nwas more variable with individual basal testosterone until W7, but also\nphysiological testosterone concentrations in W2. Similarly, histological\ntesticular findings at castration were quite variable: besides an arrest on\nspermatogonia and spermatocytes, elongated spermatids with normal\nspermatogenesis were found in individual dogs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Our study confirms the efficacy of the deslorelin SRI, but also\nindividual variation especially regarding reversibility of effects on endocrine\nand germinative testicular function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Clinical relevance Deslorelin SRIs offer a suitable alternative to\nsurgical castration with individual variation to be considered when used in\nclinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2142-4194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:30:36Z","timestamp":1697063436000},"page":"231-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The use of a 4.7 mg deslorelin slow release implant in male dogs in\nthe field"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Vasetska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit \u2013 Clinic for Small Animals, University of\nVeterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"K\u00f6rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit \u2013 Clinic for Small Animals, University of\nVeterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pilgram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit \u2013 Clinic for Small Animals, University of\nVeterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic for Reproductive Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selim","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u2013 Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gulsah","family":"Saral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u2013 Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdevs","family":"Binli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u2013 Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eser","family":"Akal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination \u2013\nFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Selcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination \u2013\nFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serhan","family":"Ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u2013 Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Findik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology \u2013 Faculty of\nVeterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun,\nTurkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christelle Speiser","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Companion Animal Medical Department, Virbac group,\n         Carros, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Goericke-Pesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Unit \u2013 Clinic for Small Animals, University of\nVeterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.05.004","article-title":"Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: structure,\ndistribution and regulation of expression","volume":"88","author":"L A 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implants","volume":"19","author":"A Junaidi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01066.x","article-title":"Morphological study of the effects of the GnRH superagonist deslorelin on the\ncanine testis and prostate gland","volume":"44","author":"A Junaidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.10.015","article-title":"Reversible downregulation of endocrine and germinative testicular function\n(hormonal castration) in the dog with the GnRH-agonist azagly-nafarelin as a\nremovable implant \u201cGonazon\u201d; a preclinical trial","volume":"71","author":"C Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.11.018","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical 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