{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:32:37Z","timestamp":1774578757723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003We aimed to analyze somatic growth of patients after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) as well as to identify factors influencing postoperative catch-up growth.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A total of 309 patients undergoing TCPC at 4 years old or less between 1994 and 2021 were included. Weight for age z-score (WAZ) and height for age-z-score (HAZ) at TCPC and at postoperative time between 1 and 3 years were calculated. Factors influencing somatic growth were analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Most frequent diagnosis and initial palliation were hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (34%) and the Norwood procedure (51%), respectively. Median age and weight at TCPC were 2.0 (IQR: 1.7\u20132.5) years and 11.3 (10.5\u201312.7) kg, respectively. Median 519 days after TCPC, a significant increase in WAZ (\u22120.4 to \u22120.2, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was observed, but not in HAZ (\u22120.6 to \u22120.6, p\u2009=\u20090.38). Older age at TCPC (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, odds ratio [OR]: 2.6) and HLHS (p\u2009=\u20090.007, OR: 2.2) were risks for low WAZ after TCPC. Older age at TCPC (p\u2009=\u20090.009, OR: 1.9) and previous Norwood procedure (p\u2009=\u20090.021, OR: 2.0) were risks for low HAZ after TCPC. Previous bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) was a protective factor for both WAZ (p\u2009=\u20090.012, OR: 0.06) and HAZ (p\u2009=\u20090.028, OR: 0.30) at TCPC.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In patients undergoing TCPC at the age of 4 years or less, a significant catch-up growth was observed in WAZ after TCPC, but not in HAZ. Previous BCPS resulted to be a protective factor for a better somatic development at TCPC. HLHSs undergoing Norwood were considered as risks for somatic development after TCPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2158-1119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T23:12:50Z","timestamp":1692745970000},"page":"366-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of Weight and Height Age z-Score after Total Cavopulmonary Connection"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Staehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Niedermaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Cuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Philipp","family":"Heinisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melchior","family":"Burri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Piber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ewert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"H\u00f6rer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamichi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich Germany, 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