{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1791901230306,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify factors associated with subscapularis (SSC) tears and provide a\n                    theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, we included studies related to\n                    subscapularis tears published before February 1, 2023. We screened for six\n                    predictors across previous studies for the meta-analysis. The predictors\n                    included age, sex, coracoid overlap (CO), coracohumeral distance (CHD),\n                    impairment of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB), and dominant arm. The\n                    Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.\n                    The risk ratios (RRs) and the weighted mean differences (WMDs) were used to\n                    evaluate the effect size of categorical variables and continuous variables,\n                    respectively. The Egger test was used to assess the publication bias of the\n                    studies. Ten studies were included from seven countries. A total of 2 126\n                    patients were enrolled, of whom 1 041 had subscapularis tears and 1 085 did not.\n                    The study showed that age (WMD, 4.23 [95% CI, 2.32\u20136.15];\n                    P&lt;.00001), coracoid overlap (WMD, 1.98 [95% CI,\n                    1.55\u20132.41]; P&lt;.00001), coracohumeral distance(WMD, \u20131.03\n                    [95% CI, \u20131.17\u2013 \u20130.88]; P&lt;.00001), and\n                    an injury of the long head of the biceps tendon (RR, 4.98 [95% CI,\n                    3.75\u20136.61]; P&lt;.00001) were risk factors for subscapularis tears.\n                    These risk factors can help clinicians identify subscapularis tears early and\n                    select appropriate interventions. The level of evidence is 3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2158-8278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:45:31Z","timestamp":1697064331000},"page":"85-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Approach to Inconclusive Subscapularis Tear Diagnosis: a\n                    Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,\n                    China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing,\n                    China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiguo","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,\n                    China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing,\n                    China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2014.15.6.771","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional isotropic and two-dimensional conventional\n                    indirect MR arthrography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears","volume":"15","author":"J H Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0370-7","article-title":"Rotator cuff tears: assessment with MR arthrography in 275 patients with\n                    arthroscopic correlation","volume":"17","author":"S Waldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.03.011","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for subscapularis tendon tears\n                    using radial-slice magnetic resonance images","volume":"23","author":"R Furukawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3335-4","article-title":"The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging for different types of\n                    subscapularis lesions","volume":"24","author":"L Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.08.005","article-title":"Evaluation of subscapularis tendon tears of the anterosuperior aspect using\n                    radial-sequence magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"6","author":"R Matsushita","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3095-6","article-title":"Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for subscapularis tear: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic studies","volume":"139","author":"E A Malavolta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3102-6","article-title":"Moderate value of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging after non-dislocating\n                    shoulder trauma","volume":"24","author":"M Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.11.019","article-title":"Clinical, radiographic, and surgical presentation of subscapularis tendon tears:\n                    A retrospective analysis of 139 patients","volume":"32","author":"M Naimark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06597-6","article-title":"Bilateral coracohumeral distance discrepancy is associated with subscapularis\n                    tear in rotator cuff rupture patients","volume":"29","author":"S Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.97714","article-title":"Medium- to long-term clinical and functional outcomes of isolated and combined\n                    subscapularis tears repaired arthroscopically","volume":"17","author":"A Cigolotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.09.002","article-title":"Nonoperatively managed small- to medium-sized subscapularis tendon tears:\n                    magnetic resonance imaging evaluation with a minimum of 5 years of\n                    follow-up","volume":"6","author":"A Hasler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211047485","article-title":"Arthroscopic revision rotator cuff repair: The Role of previously neglected\n                    subscapularis tears","volume":"49","author":"T-H Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.01.012","article-title":"Coracohumeral distance and coracoid overlap as predictors of subscapularis and\n                    long head of the biceps injuries","volume":"28","author":"M J Leite","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2016.09.018","article-title":"Lesser tuberosity cysts and their relationship with subscapularis tears and\n                    subcoracoid impingement","volume":"22","author":"M Cetinkaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.11.012","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for development of subscapularis and biceps\n                    pathology in shoulders with degenerative rotator cuff disease: A prospective\n                    cohort evaluation","volume":"29","author":"S K Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674061","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2674061","article-title":"Medial subluxation or dislocation of the biceps on magnetic resonance\n                    arthrography is reliably correlated with concurrent subscapularis full-thickness\n                    tears confirmed arthroscopically","volume":"2018","author":"J-S Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05351-4","article-title":"Identifying key factors associated with subscapularis tendon tears and\n                    developing a risk prediction model to assist diagnosis","volume":"23","author":"W Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.12.035","article-title":"Morphology of the coracoid process as a predictor of articular side tear at the\n                    upper border of the subscapularis","volume":"31","author":"J Kawamata","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.11.005","article-title":"The anterior translation of the humeral head leads to a decrease in the\n                    coracohumeral distance in subscapularis tear","volume":"22","author":"S H Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573217744170","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging based coracoid morphology and its associations with\n                    subscapularis tears: A new index","volume":"11","author":"A C Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for\n                    reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE)\n                    group","volume":"283","author":"D F Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the\n                    quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.09.003","article-title":"Subscapularis tendon slip number and coracoid overlap are more related\n                    parameters for subcoracoid impingement in subscapularis tears: A magnetic\n                    resonance imaging comparison study","volume":"33","author":"M Cetinkaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.17826\/cumj.349391","article-title":"Relationship between coracoid overlap and subscapularis tears","volume":"43","author":"M Cetinkaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"\u00c7ukurova Med J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.10.017","article-title":"New predictors for subscapularis tear: Coraco-lesser tuberosity angle, lesser\n                    tuberosity angle, and lesser tuberosity height","volume":"106","author":"J B Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04146-3","article-title":"Muscle volume imbalance may be associated with static posterior humeral head\n                    subluxation","volume":"22","author":"M Mitterer","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211042826","article-title":"Risk factors for supraspinatus tears: A meta-analysis of observational\n                    studies","volume":"9","author":"J Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2018.62388","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus accelerates fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle\n                    after tendon tear: An experimental study in rats","volume":"29","author":"B Acar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.10.001","article-title":"Is sarcopenia a risk factor for rotator cuff tears?","volume":"30","author":"N A Atala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.039","article-title":"The impact of preoperative smoking habit on rotator cuff tear: Cigarette smoking\n                    influences rotator cuff tear sizes","volume":"21","author":"S Carbone","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.007","article-title":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center\n                    methods provide guidance on prioritization and selection of harms in systematic\n                    reviews","volume":"98","author":"R Chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.07.053","article-title":"Evidence of genetic variations associated with rotator cuff disease","volume":"23","author":"R Motta Gda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.06.031","article-title":"A comparative study to evaluate the risk factors for medium-sized rotator cuff\n                    tear in patients younger than 50 years of age","volume":"34","author":"S B Shim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2016-0116","article-title":"Shoulder strength requirements for upper limb functional tasks: Do age and\n                    rotator cuff tear status matter?","volume":"33","author":"A C Santago","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309499016684318","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499016684318","article-title":"Systematic review on risk factors of rotator cuff tears","volume":"25","author":"A A Sayampanathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Surgery (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.01.074","article-title":"Coracoid morphology and humeral version as risk factors for subscapularis\n                    tears","volume":"29","author":"M J Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2017.04.011","article-title":"Narrowed coraco-humeral distance on MRI: Association with subscapularis tendon\n                    tear","volume":"48","author":"A M Abdrabou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"132","article-title":"The subcoracoid space","author":"C Gerber","year":"1987","journal-title":"An anatomic study. Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2003.12.007","article-title":"The coracoid impingement of the subscapularis tendon: a cadaver study","volume":"13","author":"C B Radas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.011","article-title":"Factors involved in the presence of symptoms associated with rotator cuff tears:\n                    a comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic rotator cuff tears in the general\n                    population","volume":"20","author":"A Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310051501","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the asymptomatic shoulder of overhead athletes: A\n                    5-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"P M Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001949","article-title":"What factors are associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears: A\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"480","author":"J Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505278698","article-title":"The transverse humeral ligament: A separate anatomical structure or a\n                    continuation of the osseous attachment of the rotator cuff?","volume":"34","author":"P D Gleason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011701","article-title":"The stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff\n                    interval. A histoanatomic study","volume":"28","author":"A Werner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.08.025","article-title":"Anterior and posterior instability of the long head of the biceps tendon in\n                    rotator cuff tears: a new classification based on arthroscopic observations","volume":"23","author":"L Lafosse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90218-X","article-title":"Subluxations and dislocations of the tendon of the long head of the biceps","volume":"7","author":"G Walch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2158-8278.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T14:01:01Z","timestamp":1730815261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2158-8278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2158-8278","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}