{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1769913147905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Aim\u2003The child's self-stimulating pleasure behavior is defined as childhood masturbation (CM). Diagnosis of CM is mainly based on behavior and analysis of video recordings. This study aims to investigate etiological factors, movement patterns, and treatment options.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Medical records and video recordings of CM in our clinic between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Ninety patients aged 8 months to 9 years were included in our study. The male-to-female ratio was 23\/67. The mean age at onset of masturbation (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation) was 21.42\u2009\u00b1\u200918.44 (6\u2013107) months. Note that 27.7% (32) of the patients were taking antiepileptic drugs before admission.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Eight of the 90 patients had abnormal electroencephalograms. The time of onset of CM was related to cessation of breast milk in 24.4%, separation from the mother in 43.3%, new siblings in 16.6%, initiation of toilet training in 7.7%, and parental divorce in 6.6%. Behavioral therapy was sufficient in 71.1%. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride in 19 (21.1%) and risperidone in 9 (10%) were given in the remaining cases. Overall, 23\/28 of the cases receiving medication improved during follow-up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Physicians may have difficulty identifying repetitive movements in CM. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis may lead to unnecessary use of antiepileptic drugs, delayed initiation of treatment, and prolonged treatment duration. Video recordings are important in the differential diagnosis of CM. CM may have psychosocial causes and can often be effectively treated with behavioral therapy. Pharmacological treatment (hydroxyzine hydrochloride and risperidone) may be considered in cases that do not respond to behavioral treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2190-9604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T23:37:50Z","timestamp":1697153870000},"page":"104-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Assessment and Management of Childhood Masturbation: An Analysis of 90 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ayten","family":"G\u00fcle\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selcan","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamit","family":"Acer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Canpolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Per","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2020.1234","article-title":"How to distinguish seizures from non-epileptic manifestations","volume":"22","author":"A Leibetseder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02752422","article-title":"Masturbation mimicking seizure in an infant","volume":"68","author":"G Deda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.19082\/4096","article-title":"Lessons learned from the study of masturbation and its comorbidity with psychiatric disorders in children: the first analytic study","volume":"9","author":"A Tashakori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0766-2","article-title":"Practical approach to childhood masturbation\u2013a review","volume":"167","author":"C Mallants","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.032102","article-title":"Gratification disorder (\u201cinfantile masturbation\u201d): a review","volume":"89","author":"A Nechay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0532","article-title":"Masturbation in infancy and early childhood presenting as a movement disorder: 12 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"116","author":"M L Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1987.6.2.111","article-title":"Sonographic observation of in utero fetal \u201cmasturbation\u201d","volume":"6","author":"I Meizner","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00016-2","article-title":"Preschoolers' sexual behavior at daycare centers: an epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"F Lindblad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","first-page":"304","article-title":"The clinical outcome of childhood masturbation","volume":"42","author":"F Unal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","first-page":"23","article-title":"Early childhood masturbation: a clinical study","volume":"39","author":"H Shamo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Al-Magallat al-Tibbiyyat al-Urdunniyyat"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2006.09.002","article-title":"Paroxysmal nonepileptic events of childhood","volume":"13","author":"F J DiMario Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051283","article-title":"Predisposing factors in childhood masturbation in Turkey","volume":"159","author":"F Unal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.114086","article-title":"Risperidone as a treatment for childhood habitual behavior","volume":"2","author":"V Omranifard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Understanding masturbation in the pediatric patient","volume":"32","author":"B Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.10.007","article-title":"Hand activities in infantile masturbation: a video analysis of 13 cases","volume":"13","author":"J K Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195335378.001.0001","volume-title":"Non- Epileptic Childhood Paroxysmal Disorders","author":"F J DiMario Jr","year":"2009"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","first-page":"283","article-title":"Diagnostic value of the urine mucus test in childhood masturbation among children below 12 years of age: a cross-sectional study from Iran","volume":"41","author":"Z K Doust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200108000-00004","article-title":"Mirtazapine for excessive masturbation in an adolescent with autism","volume":"40","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2190-9604.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T12:18:14Z","timestamp":1730809094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2190-9604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2190-9604","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-304X","1439-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-304X","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]}}}