{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:00:10Z","timestamp":1793502010269,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known to be effective in\n                    the treatment of catatonia, reaching response rates of about 80 to 100%.\n                    It is indicated in cases of treatment resistance to benzodiazepines and in\n                    life-threatening conditions such as malignant catatonia. Beneficial effects on\n                    specific symptoms or predictors of response are less clear. The objective of\n                    this retrospective study is to examine the ECT effect on specific catatonia\n                    symptoms in the acute phase of the illness and to identify predictors of\n                    response.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods A retrospective study examined data from 20 patients with\n                    catatonia, 18 associated with schizophrenia and 2 with bipolar disorder, who\n                    underwent ECT from 2008 to 2021. Ten subjects had more than one ECT-series,\n                    resulting in a total of 31 ECT-series. Catatonia symptom severity was assessed\n                    with the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results ECT yielded excellent response. Nineteen of 20 patients and 30 of\n                    31 ECT-series achieved response. The mean number of ECT sessions to response was\n                    4.2. Response to ECT was more pronounced for motor inhibition symptoms such as\n                    stupor and mutism, while echophenomena, dyskinesia, stereotypy and perseveration\n                    responded less well. A predictor of late response was the presence of grasp\n                    reflex.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Discussion The present study corroborates the high and rapid effectiveness\n                    of ECT in the treatment of catatonia. Focus on single catatonia signs may help\n                    to identify those who are most likely to achieve remission quickly, as well as\n                    those who might need longer ECT-series.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2195-1499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:48:05Z","timestamp":1700783285000},"page":"13-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Specific Catatonia\n                    Symptoms and Predictors of Late Response"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Bracht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of\n                    Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Walther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of\n                    Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Breit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of\n                    Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of\n                    Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of\n                    Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.04.034","article-title":"Catatonia in DSM-5","volume":"150","author":"R Tandon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000274","article-title":"Catatonia","volume":"21","author":"S Walther","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx157","article-title":"Prevalence of catatonia and its moderators in clinical samples: Results from a\n                    meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"44","author":"M Solmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Catatonia: demographic, clinical and laboratory associations","volume":"53","author":"J P Rogers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231158232","article-title":"Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia:\n                    Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume":"37","author":"J P Rogers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30474-7","article-title":"Structure and neural mechanisms of catatonia","volume":"6","author":"S Walther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0096","article-title":"Caring for the patient with catatonia","volume":"78","author":"S Heckers","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","article-title":"I. 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Open"}],"container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2195-1499.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T14:30:57Z","timestamp":1730817057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2195-1499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2195-1499","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-3679","1439-0795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0176-3679","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]}}}