{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T09:05:23Z","timestamp":1782637523304,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measuring nasal obstruction should be mandatory before every nasal surgery to determine the necessary surgical steps and to separate mucosal congestion from skeletal deformity. Rhinomanometry is considered the \u201cgolden standard\u201d for measuring nasal airway resistance. An extension of the diagnostic power was achieved by the introduction of the four-phase rhinomanometry (4PR), which provides additional information about the influence of the elasticity of the nasal wall. Also, a high correlation to the subjective sensing of obstruction could be achieved by the introduction of logarithmic parameters. The parameters of 4PR could be classified by evaluating 36,500 measurements. The International Standardization Committee on the Objective Assessment of the Upper Airway (ISCOANA) determined it as the new standard. Adding a visual analog scale (VAS) to every measurement is a documentation of the feeling of obstruction at the moment of measurement. Practical hints for 4PR are given. The determination of obstruction for both nasal sides or the calculation of the total nasal resistance should be followed by a second analysis of the detailed obstruction anatomy. In the future, pressure losses or temperature gradients can be determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A reliable way to simulate the success of single surgical steps with a high didactical meaning is the three-dimensional (3D) print of sliced nose models and to measure the effect of stepwise mechanical corrections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2218-5883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:21:03Z","timestamp":1701217263000},"page":"314-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Measurement of Nasal Obstruction: Rhinomanometry as Basic Method in Functional Rhinology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Klaus","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"MedTecResearch, Krakow am See, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Parker-Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin17.084","article-title":"The new agreement of the international RIGA consensus conference on nasal airway function tests","volume":"56","author":"K Vogt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"4 phase-rhinomanometry. Basics and practice 2010","volume":"21","author":"K Vogt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology Suppl"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Breathe through Your Nose, Don't Pay through It: The Impact the Healthcare Industry Has on Nasal Function and How We Breathe","author":"K P Davidson","year":"2023"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3723-5","article-title":"Four-phase rhinomanometry: a multicentric retrospective analysis of 36,563 clinical measurements","volume":"273","author":"K Vogt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1515\/rjr-2016-0017","article-title":"Classification of total nasal obstruction in 10,033 cases by 4-phase\u2013rhinomanometry","volume":"6","author":"K Vogt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Rhinology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.032","article-title":"Relationships among nasal resistance, age and anthropometric parameters of the nose during growth","volume":"1","author":"K Peksis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinol Online"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.032","article-title":"Relationships among nasal resistance, age and anthropometric parameters of the nose during growth","volume":"1","author":"K Peksis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinol Online"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.086","article-title":"Nasal valve elastography: quantitative determination of the mobility of the nasal valve","volume":"2","author":"L Akmenkalne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rhinol Online"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.784","article-title":"Objective diagnosis of internal nasal valve collapse by four-phase rhinomanometry","volume":"7","author":"P Gagnieur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8556","article-title":"The effect of gradually increased mandibular advancement on the efficacy of an oral appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Reproducibility and correlations of 4-phase-rhinomanometry and PNIF-tests [Diploma work]","author":"R Viksne","year":"2016"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3","article-title":"An effective simulation- and measurement-based workflow for enhanced diagnostics in rhinology","volume":"60","author":"M Waldmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2218-5883.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:46:46Z","timestamp":1730807206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2218-5883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2218-5883","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}}}