{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T23:55:21Z","timestamp":1772927721442,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020194","name":"Wellcome \/ EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Wellcome (203145Z\/16\/Z), EPSRC (NS\/A000050\/1)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Wellcome (203145Z\/16\/Z), EPSRC (NS\/A000050\/1)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives\u2003Despite advances in skull base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a relatively common complication after translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the repair techniques and materials used in TL VS surgery to prevent CSF leaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design\u2003A systematic review of studies published since 2000 reporting techniques to prevent CSF leaks during adult TL VS surgery was conducted. A narrative synthesis of primary repair protocols was produced, and a taxonomy was established. Additionally, the advantages, disadvantages, and associated CSF leak rates of different repair protocols were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003All 43 studies were case series, and 39 were retrospective. Repair strategies included heterogeneous combinations of autografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials. A taxonomy was produced, classifying repairs into seven distinct stages, including approaches to the dura, middle ear cleft, air cells, TL bony defect, extra-cranial soft tissue, postoperative dressings, and CSF diversion. The median postoperative incidence of CSF leaks was 6% (interquartile range: 0\u201310%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions\u2003This systematic review reveals substantial inter-institutional heterogeneity in intraoperative strategies to prevent CSF leaks following TL VS surgery. However, comparing these techniques is challenging due to the multiple predictive factors for CSF leaks and their inconsistent reporting. We propose a taxonomy of seven stages to classify operative techniques and materials aimed at preventing CSF leaks. We recommend that future evaluations should adopt a prospective approach encompassing data collection strategies that considers all operative stages described by our taxonomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2222-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T19:42:00Z","timestamp":1701718920000},"page":"e131-e144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 2: The Translabyrinthine Approach)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Starup-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal London Hospital, London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Valetopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danyal Z.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Layard","family":"Horsfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jigishaa","family":"Moudgil-Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for 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United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shakeel R.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University College London Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani J.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome\/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United 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