{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1768776799923,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction SARS-CoV-2 is a viral disease with potentially devastating\n                    effects. Observational studies of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 report\n                    an increased risk for FGR. This study utilizes data from a prospective\n                    SARS-CoV-2 registry in pregnancy, investigating the progression of fetuses to\n                    fetal growth restriction (FGR) at birth following maternal SARS-CoV-2 and\n                    evaluating the hypothesis of whether the percentage of SGA at birth is increased\n                    after maternal SARS-CoV-2 taking into account the time interval between\n                    infection and birth.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials &amp; Methods CRONOS is a prospective German registry\n                    enrolling pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during their\n                    pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, pregnancy- and delivery-specific information\n                    were recorded. The data evaluated in this study range from March 2020 until\n                    August 2021. Women with SARS-CoV-2 were divided into three groups according to\n                    the time of infection\/symptoms to delivery: Group I&lt;2 weeks,\n                    Group II 2\u20134 weeks, and Group III&gt;4 weeks. FGR was defined as\n                    estimated and\/or birth weight&lt;10% ile, appropriate for\n                    gestational age (AGA) was within 10 and 90%ile, and large for\n                    gestational age (LGA) was defined as fetal or neonatal\n                    weight&gt;90%ile.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Data for a total of 2,650 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women were\n                    available. The analysis was restricted to symptomatic cases that delivered after\n                    24+0 weeks of gestation. Excluding those cases with missing values for\n                    estimated fetal weight at time of infection and\/or birth weight centile,\n                    900 datasets remained for analyses. Group I consisted of 551 women, Group II of\n                    112 women, and Group III of 237 women. The percentage of changes from AGA to FGR\n                    did not differ between groups. However, there was a significantly higher rate of\n                    large for gestational age (LGA) newborns at the time of birth compared to the\n                    time of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Group III (p=0.0024), respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion FGR rates did not differ between symptomatic COVID infections\n                    occurring within 2 weeks and&gt;4 weeks before birth. On the contrary, it\n                    presented a significant increase in LGA pregnancies in Group III. However, in\n                    this study population, an increase in the percentage of LGA may be attributed to\n                    pandemic measures and a reduction in daily activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2224-2262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T23:33:16Z","timestamp":1707435196000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolution of Fetal Growth in Symptomatic Sars-Cov-2\n                    Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4542-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Hachenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Steinkasserer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Brodowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Frauenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ansgard Lena","family":"Dueppers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Delius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana Delle","family":"Chiaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, City of Stuttgart Hospitals,\n                    Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lobmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum rechts der Isar der\n                    Technischen Universitat M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Sourouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital\n                    M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela F.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatologie, KKB, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jula","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Parchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, HELIOS Klinik Sangerhausen,\n                    Sangerhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg,\n                    Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dresden University Hospital,\n                    Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Werring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christophorus-Kliniken GmbH\n                    Betriebsst\u00e4tte Sankt-Vincenz-Hospital Coesfeld, Coesfeld,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, M\u00fcnchen Klinik\n                    Harlaching, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frauenklinik, Universit\u00e4tsklinik Freiburg, Freiburg,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Klinikum Darmstadt,\n                    Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Eichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Franziskus-Hospital\n                    M\u00fcnster GmbH, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg\n                    Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Berghaeuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,\n                    Florence-Nightingale-Krankenhaus, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Schlembach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Geburtsmedizin, Vivantes Klinikum Neuk\u00f6lln,\n                    Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Seeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KH St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara Halle, Klinik f\u00fcr\n                    Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Perinatalzentrum, Halle\/Saale,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Sch\u00e4fer-Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Geburtshilfe, St Joseph Krankenhaus\n                    Berlin-Tempelhof, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyvernitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philipps-University of Marburg,\n                    Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7091-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.","family":"Bohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, St Elisabethen-Krankenhaus\n                    L\u00f6rrach gGmbH, L\u00f6rrach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babette","family":"Ramsauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vivantes Klinikum\n                    Neuk\u00f6lln, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Angela","family":"Morfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatalzentrum, DIAKOVERE gGmbH, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ruediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Pecks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Klinik\n                    f\u00fcr Gyn\u00e4kologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"von Kaisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School,\n                    Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5613","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115613","article-title":"The differences in clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of\n                    laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 between pregnant and non-pregnant women: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"DS A Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1192-7437","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and perinatal aspects","volume":"224","author":"A C Longardt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z Geburtshilfe 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J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051775","article-title":"The role of NF\u03baB in healthy and preeclamptic placenta: Trophoblasts in\n                    the spotlight","volume":"5","author":"B Armistead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396317666211124095020","article-title":"Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, its vertical transmission, and impact on overall\n                    perinatal outcomes: A narrative review","volume":"18","author":"N Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134","article-title":"Postmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with\n                    severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs\n                    suggesting vascular dysfunction","volume":"77","author":"T Menter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in\n                    Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"M Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i3.275","article-title":"Endothelial cells and blood vessels are major targets for COVID-19-induced\n                    tissue injury and spreading to various organs","volume":"28","author":"A S Tarnawski","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.08.018","article-title":"A structured review of placental morphology and histopathological lesions\n                    associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"101","author":"M C Sharps","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa089","article-title":"Placental pathology in COVID-19","volume":"154","author":"E D Shanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1093526620925569","article-title":"Placental pathology in Covid-19 positive mothers: preliminary findings","volume":"23","author":"R N Baergen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2013.12.003","article-title":"Mass spectrometric profiling of cord blood serum proteomes to distinguish\n                    infants with intrauterine growth restriction from those who are small for\n                    gestational age and from control individuals","volume":"164","author":"U Pecks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051374","article-title":"Precision diagnostics by affinity \u2013mass spectrometry: A novel approach\n                    for fetal growth restriction screening during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"C A Okai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0266","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy\u2013an analysis of clinical data from\n                    Germany and Austria from the CRONOS registry","volume":"119","author":"U Pecks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.05.027","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: results from the COVID-19-Related\n                    Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study 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Disord"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"CD004454","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at\n                    risk of preterm birth","volume":"12","author":"E McGoldrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2017.04.013","article-title":"A review of systemic corticosteroid use in pregnancy and the risk of select\n                    pregnancy and birth outcomes","volume":"43","author":"G Bandoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.01.013","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal outcomes after term and preterm delivery following\n                    betamethasone administration","volume":"130","author":"T Braun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geburtshilfe 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