{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T22:11:44Z","timestamp":1773353504838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nightmare disorder is associated with functional impairment, distress, and low\n                    quality of life; however, studies on pharmacotherapy of this debilitating\n                    disorder yielded mixed results. Prazosin, a non-selective \u03b11\n                    blocker is reported to be effective in treatment of post-traumatic stress\n                    disorder-related nightmares. We aimed at investigating therapeutic effects of\n                    tamsulosin which has higher affinity for blocking \u03b11A and\n                        \u03b11D adrenoceptors in treatment of nightmare disorder. A\n                    randomized, double blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled pilot study was\n                    conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Tamsulosin 0.4\u2009mg\n                    once daily or placebo for period of four weeks. Following a 2-week wash-out\n                    period, they were crossed over to the other group and received drug or placebo\n                    for duration of 4 additional weeks. Nightmare frequency and intensity\n                    measurements were carried out using Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity\n                    Index (DDNSI). Blood pressure measurements were also performed. According to per\n                    protocol analysis, mean DDNSI scores decreased following administration of\n                    tamsulosin and a statistical trend towards significance was reported\n                    (p=0.065, d=0.236). Results of intention to treat analysis\n                    showed significant difference in DDNSI scores after drug use (p=0.030,\n                    d=0.651). Additionally, DDNSI scores dropped significantly following\n                    placebo use. However, intention to treat analysis showed no statistically\n                    significant difference pre and post placebo period (0.064, d=0.040).\n                    Tamsulosin may be effective in treatment of nightmare disorder. However, further\n                    larger clinical trials are recommended to clarify the effectiveness of\n                    tamsulosin and \u03b11 subtypes in pharmacotherapy of\n                    nightmares.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2226-3604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T23:47:40Z","timestamp":1705621660000},"page":"53-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Effects of Tamsulosin in Nightmare Disorder: A\n                    Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over, Pilot\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Negin","family":"Naderifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical\n                    Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Roohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The\n                    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Scientific Society of Clinical Hypnosis, Tehran,\n                    Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nemat","family":"Jaafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, Unit\u00e9 de recherche clinique\n                    centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, CeRCA CNRS7295, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical\n                    Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.05.015","article-title":"Treatment of nightmares with Prazosin: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"S Kung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Pro"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"507","article-title":"Correlates and treatments of nightmares in adults","volume":"4","author":"B Hasler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.513","article-title":"Clinical case series: the use of Prazosin for combat-related recurrent\n                    nightmares among operation Iraqi freedom combat veterans","volume":"170","author":"M Daly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20351","article-title":"Nonnightmare distressed awakenings in veterans with posttraumatic stress\n                    disorder: responsive to Prazosin","volume":"21","author":"C E Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.032","article-title":"A parallel group placebo controlled study of Prazosin for trauma nightmares and\n                    sleep disturbances in combat veterans with post- Traumatic stress disorder","volume":"61","author":"M A Raskind","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27883","article-title":"Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Best\n                    practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults","volume":"6","author":"R N Aurora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.07.001","article-title":"Prazosin effects on objective sleep measures and clinical symptoms in civilian\n                    trauma posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo controlled study","volume":"63","author":"F B Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.371","article-title":"Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by Prazosin:\n                    a placebo controlled study","volume":"160","author":"M A Raskind","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0208","article-title":"The alpha1-adrenergic antagonist Prazosin ameliorates combat trauma nightmares\n                    in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a report of 4 cases","volume":"61","author":"M A Raskind","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00013","article-title":"The alpha1-adrenergic antagonist Prazosin improves sleep and nightmares in\n                    civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"22","author":"F Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988703256050","article-title":"Prazosin reduces trauma related nightmares in older men with chronic\n                    posttrumatic stress disorder","volume":"16","author":"E R Peskind","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neural"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20570","article-title":"Prazosin treatment of trauma nightmares and sleep disturbances in soldiers\n                    deployed in Iraq","volume":"23","author":"J Calohan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.06.001","article-title":"Nightmares: from anxiety symptom to sleep disorder","volume":"10","author":"V I Spoormaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"454","article-title":"Preliminary findings concerning the use of Prazosin for the treatment of\n                    posttraumatic nightmares in a refugee population","volume":"15","author":"L Boynton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychatr Pract"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.5.656","article-title":"Prazosin for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder sleep\n                    disturbances","volume":"28","author":"L J Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070124","article-title":"Prazosin for treatment of nightmares related of posttraumatic stress\n                    disorder","volume":"65","author":"H R Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharma"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.023","article-title":"Daytime Prazosin reduces psychological distress to trauma specific cues in\n                    civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"59","author":"F B Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.09.003","article-title":"Sleep-specific mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder: integrative\n                    review and neurobiological hypotheses","volume":"12","author":"A Germain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"2","article-title":"The relationship between nightmares and PTSD: the possible role of image\n                    rescripting in the treatment of PTSD","author":"S Krewinkel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bachelor thesis klinische Gezondheidspsychologie, Department\n                    psychologie en Gezondheid, universiteit van Tilburg"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy,\n                        4th ed","author":"D E Golan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581098","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.581098","article-title":"\u03b11-Adrenergic Receptors in Neurotransmission, Synaptic Plasticity, and\n                    Cognition","volume":"11","author":"D M Perez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819973-2.00025-3","article-title":"Sleep disorders and the hypothalamus","volume":"182","author":"S Overeem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"S34","article-title":"\u03b1-Blocker Therapy: Current Update","volume":"7","author":"S A Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Ural"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"e38794","article-title":"A Review on Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Tamsulosin in Patients with Benign\n                    Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"6","author":"Z Tolou Ghamari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2015.19.4.228","article-title":"Alpha1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Improve Memory by Activating\n                    N-methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced Ion Currents in the Rat Hippocampus","volume":"19","author":"C H Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7178","article-title":"Position Paper for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults: An American\n                    Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Paper","volume":"14","author":"T I Morgenthaler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2008.01.005","article-title":"Parasomnias: psychiatric considerations","volume":"3","author":"D T Plante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12820","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12820","article-title":"Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future\n                    perspectives","volume":"28","author":"A Gieselmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. 5th ed","author":"American Psychiatric Association\n                        (APA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000968","article-title":"A Pilot, Randomized Clinical Trial of Bedtime Doses of Prazosin Versus Placebo\n                    in Suicidal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients With Nightmares","volume":"38","author":"W V McCall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2165\/11317580-000000000-00000","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tamsulosin in its modified-release and\n                    oral controlled absorption system formulations","volume":"49","author":"G Franco-Salinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"S22","article-title":"A Comparison of Varying \u03b1-Blockers and Other Pharmacotherapy Options for\n                    Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms","volume":"7","author":"C R Chapple","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Ural"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62386-3","article-title":"A second phase III multicenter placebo controlled study of 2 dosages of modified\n                    release tamsulosin in patients with symptoms of benign prostatic\n                    hyperplasia","volume":"160","author":"Members of United States 93-01 Study\n                        Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.00380.x","article-title":"A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin, the first\n                    prostate-selective \u03b11A-adrenoceptor antagonist, in patients with benign\n                    prostatic obstruction (symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia)","volume":"80","author":"P Abrams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00093-2","article-title":"Nightmare frequency in sexual assault survivors with PTSD","volume":"16","author":"B Krakow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Anxiety Discord"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0804","article-title":"Sleep dynamic therapy for cerro grande fire evacuees with posttraumatic stress\n                    symptoms: a preliminary report","volume":"63","author":"B Krakow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.10.1313","article-title":"Nightmare complaints in treatment-seeking patients in clinical sleep medicine\n                    settings: diagnostic and treatment implications","volume":"29","author":"B Krakow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154900.76284.F6","article-title":"Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental\n                    animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for\n                    professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the\n                    American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research","volume":"111","author":"T G Pickering","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507598","article-title":"Trial of Prazosin for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans","volume":"378","author":"M A Raskind","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"e2603","article-title":"Prazosin for Trauma Nightmares and Sleep Disturbances in Combat Veterans with\n                    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"10","author":"H Khazaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"26","article-title":"Doxazosin, an \u03b1-1-adrenergic-receptor Antagonist, for Nightmares in\n                    Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and\/or Borderline\n                    Personality Disorder: a Chart Review","volume":"50","author":"S Roepke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20160728-01","article-title":"Evidence for Using Doxazosin in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress\n                    Disorder","volume":"46","author":"C Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20170031","article-title":"An Open-Label Study of Doxazosin Extended-Release for PTSD: Findings and\n                    Recommendations for Future Research on Doxazosin","volume":"16","author":"A Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Focus."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533370","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1533370","article-title":"How do placebos work?","volume":"9","author":"F Benedetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000858","article-title":"Placebo Effects Across Self-Report, Clinician Rating, and Objective Performance\n                    Tasks Among Women With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Investigation of Placebo\n                    Response in a Pharmacological Treatment Study of Post-Traumatic Stress\n                    Disorder","volume":"38","author":"G E Hodgins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2002.4.1\/ssonawalla","article-title":"Placebo response in depression","volume":"4","author":"S B Sonawalla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105243442106","article-title":"Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with\n                    no treatment","volume":"344","author":"A Hr\u00f3bjartsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620070-00003","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder:\n                    epidemiology, impact and approaches to management","volume":"20","author":"M J Maher","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Posttraumatic nightmares: From scientific evidence to clinical significance. In\n                    M. Kramer, & M. L. Glucksman (Eds.), Dream research. Contributions to\n                    clinical practice","author":"L Wittmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.3.482","article-title":"Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review\n                    and neurocognitive model","volume":"133","author":"R Levin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2226-3604.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:29:52Z","timestamp":1730806192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2226-3604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2226-3604","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-9379","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-9387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}}}