{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T05:30:12Z","timestamp":1730871012090,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective Paraneoplastic retinopathy (PNR) is a rapid-onset photoreceptor and post-photoreceptor dysfunction triggered by a cross-reaction between antigens expressed by the underlying tumour and retinal proteins. The present study aims to determine the electrodiagnostic biomarkers that support the diagnosis of PNR and evaluate the effect of treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods A retrospective observational case-controlled study including 25 patients with suspected PNR, of which 11 patients were diagnosed with PNR. The presence of PNR was confirmed based on clinical examination, supported by colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, retinal vessel oximetry, colour test, full-field electroretinogram (ffERG), on-\/off ERG, S-cone ERG, and multifocal ERG (mfERG). The relationships between the clinical symptomatology and the effect of therapy were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results All PNR patients (Nr: 11) presented with subjective symptoms of newly reported central vision or visual field deterioration. Posterior segment findings showed a severe patchy-like retinal atrophy, attenuation of the retinal vessels, and a waxy optic disc. Optical coherence tomography revealed a discontinued ISe line, and multiple hyperreflective foci. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was increased. Multifocal ERG revealed reduced central and paracentral responses and ffERG severely attenuated scotopic-, photopic-, on-\/off- and S-cone responses. The colour vision test revealed a tritan-tetartan-weakness. Two of the PNR patients underwent rituximab therapy with no further progression and even recovery of electrodiagnostic responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In 1\u2009nPNR (non-paraneoplastic retinopathy) patient (total Nr: 14) pseudoxanthoma elasticum-related retinopathy was the reason for impaired vision. In 3 of 13 patients with bronchopulmonary cancer a MEK- and FGFR-inhibitor- drug toxicity was the reason for the visual deterioration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Careful investigation for signs of central and\/or peripheral visual field deterioration must be performed in the presence of history of a co-existing malignancy. The possibility of PNR should be taken into account. The electrodiagnostic biomarkers, suggested in this study, may help to promptly recognise PNR and also to evaluate the effect of implemented therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2227-3970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T22:51:25Z","timestamp":1713912685000},"page":"510-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrodiagnostic Biomarkers in Paraneoplastic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Laura Sophie","family":"Gougoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rothermundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claire","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"J\u00f6rger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita G.","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0021","article-title":"The occurrence of serum autoantibodies against enolase in cancer-associated retinopathy","volume":"78","author":"G Adamus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/s1568-9972(02)00127-1","article-title":"Autoantibody-induced apoptosis as a possible mechanism of autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"2","author":"G Adamus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_786_20","article-title":"An update on autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"68","author":"P Dutta Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90125-2","article-title":"Blindness caused by photoreceptor degeneration as a remote effect of cancer","volume":"81","author":"R A Sawyer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"239","article-title":"Paraneoplastic retinopathy","volume":"4","author":"T G Klingele","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like Syndrome Occurring in a Patient with Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma","author":"J D Gass","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280208","article-title":"A clinical triad to diagnose paraneoplastic retinopathy","volume":"28","author":"D M Jacobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.019","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"157","author":"L Grange","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"T8","article-title":"Autoimmune Retinopathy: Current Concepts and Practices (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)","volume":"115","author":"H N Sen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2018.01.030","article-title":"Is it melanoma-associated retinopathy or drug toxicity? Bilateral cystoid macular edema posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma","volume":"10","author":"S R Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)71073-6","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy in the absence of cancer","volume":"123","author":"J B Mizener","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000119","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy and antiretinal antibodies: a review","volume":"34","author":"D S Grewal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(00)00925-9","article-title":"Retinal anti-bipolar cell antibodies in a patient with paraneoplastic retinopathy and colon carcinoma","volume":"131","author":"D M Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.10.044","article-title":"Anti-alpha-enolase antibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy with small cell carcinoma of the lung","volume":"139","author":"C Dot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2626","article-title":"Role of anti-recoverin autoantibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"G Adamus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.11.1577","article-title":"Antirecoverin antibodies and autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"118","author":"G Adamus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.5.853-858.2001","article-title":"Retinopathies associated with antiretinal antibodies","volume":"8","author":"J J Hooks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.06.003","article-title":"Cellular targets of anti-alpha-enolase autoantibodies of patients with autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"23","author":"G Ren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(94)31183-3","article-title":"Paraneoplastic retinopathy associated with antiretinal bipolar cell antibodies in cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"101","author":"J M Weinstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199706000-00001","article-title":"Paraneoplastic retinopathy: a novel autoantibody reaction associated with small-cell lung carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"M A Murphy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-4-5","article-title":"Autoantibodies against retinal proteins in paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"4","author":"G Adamus","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"2589","article-title":"Retinal dysfunction in cancer-associated retinopathy is improved by Ca(2+) antagonist administration and dark adaptation","volume":"42","author":"H Ohguro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181853d06","article-title":"Carcinoma-associated retinopathy-an electrophysiological and immunohistochemical correlation","volume":"29","author":"B Link","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.039","article-title":"Diagnostic features of the autoimmune retinopathies","volume":"13","author":"T Braithwaite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2016.03.007","article-title":"Electroretinographic improvement after rituximab therapy in a patient with autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"2","author":"G Uludag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9605-y","article-title":"Unilateral cancer-associated retinopathy: diagnosis, serology and treatment","volume":"135","author":"D Roels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"179","article-title":"Investigations of antiretinal antibodies in pigmentary retinopathy and other retinal degenerations","volume":"94","author":"J R Heckenlively","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.05.013","article-title":"Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy Using a Modified Delphi Approach","volume":"168","author":"A R Fox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e439","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12598","article-title":"Reproducibility of retinal oximetry measurements in healthy and diseased retinas","volume":"93","author":"C T\u00fcrksever","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09872-0","article-title":"ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2022 update)","volume":"144","author":"A G Robson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-020-09812-w","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) (2021 update)","volume":"142","author":"M B Hoffmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0114-7","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy: a review and summary","volume":"30","author":"J R Heckenlively","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.10.11521","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy: a new mechanistic insight on vascular remodeling","volume":"9","author":"R Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_148_19","article-title":"Choroidal hyper-reflective foci and vascularity in retinal dystrophy","volume":"68","author":"D Hanumunthadu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6096017","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6096017","article-title":"Significance of Hyperreflective Foci as an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker in Retinal Diseases: Characterization and Clinical Implications","volume":"2021","author":"S Fragiotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112034","article-title":"The Presence of Hyper-reflective Foci Reflects Vascular, Morphologic and Metabolic Alterations in Retinitis Pigmentosa","volume":"13","author":"C Diem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2017.04.17","article-title":"Evaluation of hyper-reflective foci as a prognostic factor of visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion","volume":"10","author":"B Mo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317191","article-title":"Hyper-reflective cystoid spaces in diabetic macular oedema: prevalence and clinical implications","volume":"106","author":"A Couturier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.007","article-title":"A paradigm shift in imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"U Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.039","article-title":"Optical coherence tomographic hyper-reflective foci: a morphologic sign of lipid extravasation in diabetic macular edema","volume":"116","author":"M Bolz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9176","article-title":"Recoverin, a photoreceptor-specific calcium-binding protein, is expressed by the tumor of a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy","volume":"92","author":"A S Polans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90017-3","article-title":"The ON and OFF channels of the visual system","volume":"15","author":"P H Schiller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-005-1265-8","article-title":"Unilaterale n\u00e4chtliche Blendempfindung und Photopsien","volume":"103","author":"M G Todorova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02173.x","article-title":"Circulating anti-retinal antibodies as immune markers in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"115","author":"N Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098368","article-title":"Anti-alpha-enolase antibodies in patients with inflammatory Bowel disease","volume":"54","author":"N Vermeulen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"S63","article-title":"Human anti-alpha-enolase antibody in sera from patients with Beh\u00e7et\u02bcs disease and rheumatologic disorders","volume":"27","author":"J H Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000063","article-title":"The enigma of autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"55","author":"F Forooghian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.65","article-title":"Seroreactivity against aqueous-soluble and detergent-soluble retinal proteins in posterior uveitis","volume":"129","author":"A C Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"91","article-title":"Autoantibodies against retinal bipolar cells in cutaneous melanoma-associated retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"A H Milam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.11.1525","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy: patients with antirecoverin immunoreactivity and panretinal degeneration","volume":"118","author":"J R Heckenlively","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/s0967-5868(97)90106-5","article-title":"Cancer associated retinopathy and non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"C L Scott","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-013-9398-6","article-title":"Delayed presentation of melanoma-associated retinopathy and subsequent resolution with cytoreduction surgery","volume":"127","author":"R E Stead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0948-2","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy preceding the diagnosis of cancer","volume":"18","author":"F Hoogewoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14095","article-title":"Melanoma-associated retinopathy","volume":"45","author":"S Elsheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200109000-00004","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic characteristics of melanoma-associated retinopathy syndrome: eleven new cases and a review of 51 previously published cases","volume":"21","author":"J L Keltner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-009-0057-x","article-title":"Treatment of melanoma-associated retinopathy","volume":"12","author":"S F Powell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12348-012-0067-9","article-title":"Intravitreal triamcinolone for cancer-associated retinopathy refractory to systemic therapy","volume":"2","author":"N Huynh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.24","article-title":"Management of autoimmune retinopathies with immunosuppression","volume":"127","author":"H A Ferreyra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080130050025","article-title":"Management and monitoring of cancer-associated retinopathy","volume":"110","author":"J L Keltner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.12.795","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal phlebitis","volume":"77","author":"Y Ohnishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.10.1258","article-title":"Corticosteroid treatment for melanoma-associated retinopathy: effect on visual acuity and electrophysiologic findings","volume":"140","author":"C Jacobzone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyr025","article-title":"Two cases of cancer-associated retinopathy combined with small-cell lung cancer","volume":"41","author":"Y Sakamori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000131","article-title":"Remission of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy after minimal steroid treatment","volume":"9","author":"L L Bursztyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.0284","article-title":"Outcomes Associated With Sustained-Release Intraocular Fluocinolone Implants in a Case of Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy Treated Without Systemic Immunosuppression","volume":"137","author":"E Karatsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0091","article-title":"Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant with Plasma Autoantibody Monitoring for Cancer-associated Retinopathy","volume":"33","author":"M S Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.4.471","article-title":"Treatment of paraneoplastic visual loss with intravenous immunoglobulin: report of 3 cases","volume":"117","author":"J Guy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1681471","article-title":"Cancer-Associated Retinopathy and Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy. A Seldom Used Approach?","volume":"29","author":"L Ramos-Ruperto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31816754c4","article-title":"Improvement in visual fields in a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy treated with intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"28","author":"C Subhadra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.51","article-title":"Immunosuppression for autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"127","author":"L M Jampol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.12.104","article-title":"Clinical and electrophysiologic characterization of paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies associated with antienolase antibodies","volume":"139","author":"R G Weleber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3109\/09273941003802379","article-title":"A case of autoimmune retinopathy associated with thyroid carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"N Mahdi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0156","article-title":"Treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy with rituximab","volume":"11","author":"I Dy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.11.010","article-title":"Intravenous rituximab for the treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy","volume":"48","author":"C Or","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2015.08.009","article-title":"Rituximab treatment for nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"50","author":"A Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1636094","article-title":"Combination Treatment with Rituximab and Bortezomib in a Patient with Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy","volume":"28","author":"M D Benson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9326-7","article-title":"Successful treatment of cancer-associated retinopathy with alemtuzumab","volume":"83","author":"L Espandar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000338240","article-title":"Autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"228","author":"T Braithwaite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"re1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.259re1","article-title":"Positive and negative modulation of angiogenesis by VEGFR1 ligands","volume":"2","author":"Y Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/s1535-6108(02)00028-4","article-title":"Placenta growth factor-1 antagonizes VEGF-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth by the formation of functionally inactive PlGF-1\/VEGF heterodimers","volume":"1","author":"A Eriksson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18513","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807967105","article-title":"Anti-VEGF agents confer survival advantages to tumor-bearing mice by improving cancer-associated systemic syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Y Xue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_445_19","article-title":"Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation secondary to thyroid carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"V Raval","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2227-3970.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T16:28:49Z","timestamp":1730824129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2227-3970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2227-3970","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0023-2165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-3999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}