{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:33:36Z","timestamp":1792449216217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced bone mass and degeneration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue are\n                    the hallmarks of osteoporosis, a bone metabolic disease that increases skeletal\n                    fragility and fracture susceptibility. Osteoporosis is primarily caused by\n                    unbalanced bone remodeling, in which bone synthesis is outpaced by bone\n                    resorption caused by osteoclasts. Along with the bone-building vitamins calcium\n                    and vitamin D, typical medications for treating osteoporosis include\n                    bisphosphonates and calcitonin. The present therapies effectively stop\n                    osteoclast activation that is too high, however they come with varying degrees\n                    of negative effects. Numerous factors can contribute to osteoporosis, which is\n                    characterized by a loss of bone mass and density due to the deterioration of the\n                    bone\u2019s microstructure, which makes the bone more fragile. As a result,\n                    it is a systemic bone condition that makes patients more likely to fracture.\n                    Interest in the function of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis\n                    is developing. In this review, we go through the shape of the cell, the\n                    fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between osteoclasts and\n                    osteoblasts, the association between ferroptosis and diabetic osteoporosis,\n                    steroid-induced osteoporosis, and the relationship between ferroptosis and\n                    postmenopausal osteoporosis. The functions of ferroptosis and osteoporosis in\n                    cellular function, signaling cascades, pharmacological inhibition, and gene\n                    silencing have been better understood thanks to recent advances in biomedical\n                    research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2230-2664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T23:46:38Z","timestamp":1706917598000},"page":"625-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ferroptosis: A Frontier in Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Shubhrat","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of\n                    Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology\n                    and Sciences, Prayagraj, India"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur,\n                    India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of\n                    Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology\n                    and Sciences, Prayagraj, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20904-2","article-title":"NUPR1 is a critical repressor of ferroptosis","volume":"12","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2084-3561","article-title":"Ferroptosis signaling pathways: Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"S Maheshwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"76","article-title":"Contribution of ferroptosis and GPX4\u2019s dual functions to osteoarthritis\n                    progression","author":"Y Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"223","article-title":"The role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. J Memb","volume":"256","author":"H R Al-Hetty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13134","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13134","article-title":"D-mannose alleviates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting chondrocyte\n                    ferroptosis in a HIF-2\u03b1-dependent manner","volume":"54","author":"X Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"789948","article-title":"Targeting cell death: pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis in\n                    osteoarthritis. 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InSeminars in Cancer Biol 2022","author":"X Niu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04660-9","article-title":"Plasma-activated medium induces ferroptosis by depleting FSP1 in human lung\n                    cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"A Jo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08464","article-title":"Self-adaptive single-atom catalyst boosting selective ferroptosis in tumor\n                    cells","volume":"16","author":"F Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34096-w","article-title":"A noncanonical function of EIF4E limits ALDH1B1 activity and increases\n                    susceptibility to ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121449","article-title":"Microenvironment-driven sequential ferroptosis, photodynamic therapy, and\n                    chemotherapy for targeted breast cancer therapy by a cancer-cell-membrane-coated\n                    nanoscale metal-organic framework","volume":"283","author":"W L Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00990-5","article-title":"PRMT4 promotes ferroptosis to aggravate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy via\n                    inhibition of the Nrf2\/GPX4 pathway","volume":"29","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04764-2","article-title":"HucMSC-derived exosomes delivered BECN1 induces ferroptosis of hepatic stellate\n                    cells via regulating the xCT\/GPX4 axis","volume":"13","author":"Y Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Disease"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"134","article-title":"Ferroptosis-enhanced cancer immunity by a ferrocene-appended iridium (III)\n                    Diphosphine complex","author":"W J Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13158","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13158","article-title":"Sorafenib attenuates liver fibrosis by triggering hepatic stellate cell\n                    ferroptosis via HIF-1\u03b1\/SLC7A11 pathway","volume":"55","author":"S Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Prolifer"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"13944","article-title":"4-tert-butylphenol triggers common carp hepatocytes ferroptosis via oxidative\n                    stress, iron overload, SLC7A11\/GSH\/GPX4 axis, and\n                    ATF4\/HSPA5\/GPX4 axis","volume":"242","author":"J Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environmen Safety"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00428-9","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases","volume":"6","author":"H F Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduc Target Ther"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1403-3","article-title":"Ferroptosis and its role in diverse brain diseases","volume":"56","author":"A Weiland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1403-3","article-title":"Ferroptosis and its role in diverse brain diseases","volume":"56","author":"A Weiland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22830","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22830","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"35","author":"D Vitalakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.72528","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis as a novel approach to alleviate aortic dissection","volume":"18","author":"N Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00231","article-title":"Insight into the role of ferroptosis in non-neoplastic neurological\n                    diseases","volume":"14","author":"J Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5005136","article-title":"Ferroptosis mediated by lipid reactive oxygen species: a possible causal link of\n                    neuroinflammation to neurological disorders","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101899","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis through regulating neuronal calcium homeostasis: An\n                    emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"87","author":"Y Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9179","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26954","article-title":"Ferritinophagy\/ferroptosis: iron-related newcomers in human\n                    diseases","volume":"233","author":"M Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104919","article-title":"The application of ferroptosis in diseases","volume":"159","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.052282.120","article-title":"Iron-responsive-like elements and neurodegenerative ferroptosis","volume":"27","author":"J T Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and\n                    disease","volume":"171","author":"B R Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2019.03.025","article-title":"A mini-review and perspective on ferroptosis-inducing strategies in cancer\n                    therapy","volume":"30","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020314","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of epac1 averts ferroptosis cell death by preserving\n                    mitochondrial integrity","volume":"11","author":"N Musheshe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e043978","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.043978","article-title":"Implication of ferroptosis iron-dependent programmed cell death mechanism in\n                    neurodegeneration: molecular and cell biology\/oxidative stress","volume":"16","author":"G Plascencia-Villa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dement"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00807-5","article-title":"\u03b2-amyloid protein induces mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis through the\n                    CD36\/PINK\/PARKIN pathway leading to blood\u2013brain barrier\n                    destruction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"J Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S343046","article-title":"Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related signature is closely associated with the\n                    prognosis and tumor immune escape of patients with glioma","author":"W Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11505","article-title":"\u03b1-Lipoic acid alleviates ferroptosis in the MPP+-induced PC12\n                    cells via activating the PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"45","author":"L Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Role of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis in\n                    Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from the perspective of ferroptosis","author":"L Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8175","article-title":"Ferroptosis: biological rust of lipid membranes","volume":"35","author":"B Hassannia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-01790-w","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a mechanism to mediate p53 function in tumor\n                    radiosensitivity","volume":"40","author":"G Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"6739691","article-title":"Inhibition of VDAC1 rescues A\u03b2 1-42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction\n                    and ferroptosis via activation of AMPK and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\n                    pathways","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8765","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228765","article-title":"Ferroptosis mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"C O Reichert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115374","article-title":"Activated AMPK mitigates diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting\n                    hippocampal ferroptosis","volume":"207","author":"Z Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110148","article-title":"Astaxanthin attenuates osteoarthritis progression via inhibiting ferroptosis and\n                    regulating mitochondrial function in chondrocytes","volume":"366","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"108","article-title":"Baicalein limits osteoarthritis development by inhibiting chondrocyte\n                    ferroptosis. 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anti-ferroptotic target in osteoarthritis","volume":"84","author":"Z Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192979","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in orthopedic diseases","volume":"11","author":"L Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52513-x","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from endothelial progenitor cells prevent steroid-induced\n                    osteoporosis by suppressing the ferroptotic pathway in mouse osteoblasts based\n                    on bioinformatics evidence","volume":"9","author":"J Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.06.010","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identifies unique chondrocyte subsets and reveals\n                    involvement of ferroptosis in human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9504","article-title":"Icariin enhances cell survival in lipopolysaccharide-induced synoviocytes by\n                    suppressing ferroptosis via the Xc-\/GPX4 axis","volume":"21","author":"H Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2061071","article-title":"miR-1 Inhibits the Ferroptosis of Chondrocyte by Targeting CX43 and Alleviates\n                    Osteoarthritis Progression","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"5884","article-title":"Roles of ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Z Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Tissue Eng Res"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"18","article-title":"Quercetin suppresses ferroptosis in chondrocytes via activating the\n                    Nrf2\/GPX4 signaling pathway","author":"G Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2712369\/v1","article-title":"Identifying characteristic genes of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis based on\n                    machine learning and analysis of immune infiltration","author":"W Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Square"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199951","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1199951","article-title":"Corrigendum: Deferoxamine alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte\n                    ferroptosis and activating the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"14","author":"Z Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front 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Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108174","article-title":"The roles of N6-methyladenosine methylation in the regulation of bone\n                    development, bone remodeling and osteoporosis","volume":"238","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"2723","article-title":"Iron overload in bone diseases","volume":"27","author":"M Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Tissue Eng Res"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111432","article-title":"Mechanism and prospect of gastrodin in osteoporosis, bone regeneration, and\n                    osseointegration","volume":"15","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132040","article-title":"Ferroptosis and its role in chronic 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