{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:39:28Z","timestamp":1781174368864,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory support for preterm neonates in modern neonatal intensive care units is predominantly with the use of noninvasive interfaces. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) are the prototypical and most commonly utilized forms of noninvasive respiratory support, and each has unique gas flow characteristics. In meta-analyses of clinical trials till date, NIPPV has been shown to likely reduce respiratory failure and need for intubation compared to CPAP. However, a significant limitation of the included studies has been the higher mean airway pressures used during NIPPV. Thus, it is unclear to what extent any benefits seen with NIPPV are due to the cyclic pressure application versus the higher mean airway pressures. In this review, we elaborate on these limitations and summarize the available evidence comparing NIPPV and CPAP at equivalent mean airway pressures. Finally, we call for further studies comparing noninvasive respiratory support modes at equal mean airway pressures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2242-7391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:15:46Z","timestamp":1705018546000},"page":"1616-1624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Preterm Neonates: What if Mean Airway Pressures Were Equivalent?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Mukerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9964-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Keszler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200209000-00014","article-title":"Decreased indicators of lung injury with continuous positive expiratory pressure in preterm lambs","volume":"52","author":"A H Jobe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0622","article-title":"Delayed extubation to nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the immature baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: lung clinical and pathological findings","volume":"118","author":"M A Thomson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f5980","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5980","article-title":"Non-invasive versus invasive respiratory support in preterm infants at birth: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"347","author":"G M Schm\u00f6lzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02722.x","article-title":"Short-term outcome after active perinatal management at 23-25 weeks of gestation. 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