{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:47:37Z","timestamp":1792453657355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose To evaluate the risk and safety profile of autologous serum eye drop therapy in clinical routine over a period of 5 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods This retrospective study involved all patients treated with autologous serum between July 2014 and December 2019 at a tertiary ophthalmic referral center. The electronic patient record system was searched for all patients with autologous serum eye drop therapy at any time point. These records were subsequently searched for keywords such as infectious keratitis, corneal ulcer, conjunctivitis, or endophthalmitis at any recorded contact. The probability of an association between the therapy with autologous serum eye drops and infectious complications was investigated independently by three corneal specialists and rated as likely, potential, or unlikely.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results In total, 752 patients were treated with autologous serum eye drops between July 2014 and December 2019. There were 5\u200a384 batches with a total of 107\u200a680 bottles of serum eye drops that had been produced and dispensed for these patients during this period. The records of 291 patient showed a combination of autologous serum therapy and at least one keyword for infectious diseases. In 288 patients, individual case analyses revealed an unlikely association between the therapy and infection, as their infectious episodes occurred either before the start of the therapy, more than 1 month after the therapy ceased, or in the contralateral untreated eye in the case of unilateral therapy. Three cases of infectious keratitis were classified as potentially associated with autologous serum therapy. However, all three patients suffered from chronic anterior eye diseases with a high risk of spontaneous infectious complications independent of therapy with autologous eye\n          drops. None of the infectious events was rated as being likely due to the serum eye drops.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions Serum eye drops are often used in patients with severe or chronic anterior eye diseases with an intrinsic risk of infectious diseases. Despite these preexisting risk factors, autologous serum eye drops can be considered safe, even in patients with a compromised ocular surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2244-6285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T22:51:25Z","timestamp":1713912685000},"page":"388-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Five-Year Risk and Safety Profile of Autologous Serum Eye Drop Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5227-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantisek","family":"Sanak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8896-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Iselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Job","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Yu Melody","family":"Hedinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.10.019","article-title":"Autologous serum application in the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy","volume":"111","author":"Y Matsumoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.044347","article-title":"Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders","volume":"88","author":"G Geerling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90412-8","article-title":"Treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defect by autologous serum application","volume":"106","author":"K Tsubota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01339-3","article-title":"Infectious keratitis: an update on epidemiology, causative microorganisms, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"35","author":"D SJ Ting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182910036","article-title":"Contamination risk of 100\u200a% autologous serum eye drops in management of ocular surface diseases","volume":"32","author":"O Thanathanee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"705","article-title":"[Sterility of non-preserved autologous serum drops for treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects]","volume":"101","author":"R Sauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S15847","article-title":"Fulminant bilateral Haemophilus influenzae keratitis in a patient with hypovitaminosis A treated with contaminated autologous serum","volume":"5","author":"E Sanz-Marco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002042","article-title":"Autologous Serum Eye Drops for Dry Eye: Systematic Review","volume":"100","author":"N G Quan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"J R Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1354-6565","article-title":"The Lucerne Protocol for the Production of Autologous Serum Eyedrops","volume":"238","author":"F Sanak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref12","first-page":"CD009327","article-title":"Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye","author":"Q Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2244-6285.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T16:28:15Z","timestamp":1730824095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2244-6285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2244-6285","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}