{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:22:17Z","timestamp":1782800537596,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the protective efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) as a xanthine\n                    derivative against arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced kidney and liver damage in\n                    mice was investigated. Thirty-six mice were divided into six groups, receiving\n                    intraperitoneal injections of saline, ATO, PTX, or a combination for four weeks.\n                    Blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemistry, while hepatic tissue\n                    underwent examination for histopathological changes and assessment of oxidative\n                    stress markers and antioxidant gene expression through Real-Time PCR. ATO\n                    exposure significantly increased serum markers (creatinine, ALT, BUN, ALP, AST)\n                    and induced histopathological changes in the liver. Moreover, it elevated renal\n                    and hepatic nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and reduced\n                    antioxidant enzyme expression (CAT, GSR, GPx, MPO, SOD), total thiol groups\n                    (TTGs), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Conversely, PTX treatment\n                    effectively lowered serum hepatic and renal markers, improved antioxidant\n                    markers, and induced histopathological alterations. Notably, PTX did not\n                    significantly affect renal and hepatic NO levels. These findings suggest that\n                    PTX offers therapeutic potential in mitigating liver and acute kidney injuries\n                    induced by various insults, including exposure to ATO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2247-5232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:27:30Z","timestamp":1707870450000},"page":"133-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective Effects of Xanthine Derivatives Against Arsenic\n                    Trioxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatic and Renal\n                    Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Navid","family":"Omidifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,\n                    Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,\n                    Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoureh","family":"Shokripour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Nourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6840-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Mohkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,\n                    Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Mojtaba","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of\n                    Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Alireza","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Khorram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9072-8318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Nili","family":"Ahmadabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal Plants and Natural\n                    Products Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Hamadan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahintaj","family":"Dara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Center, Shiraz University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 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