{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:23Z","timestamp":1787004863670,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020867","name":"Fondation de l'H\u00f4pital de Montr\u00e9al pour enfants","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000023","name":"Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000031","name":"Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective\u2003Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) account for over 35% of pediatric in-hospital costs. A better understanding of NICU expenditures may help identify areas of improvements. This study aimed to validate the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) costing algorithm for seven case-mix groups with actual costs incurred in a tertiary NICU and explore drivers of cost.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design\u2003A retrospective cohort study of infants admitted within 24\u2009hours of birth to a Level-3 NICU from 2016 to 2019. Patient data and predicted costs were obtained from the CNN database and were compared to actual obtained from the hospital accounting system (Co\u00fbt par Parcours de Soins et de Services). Cost estimates (adjusted to 2017 Canadian Dollars) were compared using Spearman correlation coefficient (rho).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003Among 1,795 infants included, 169 (9%) had major congenital anomalies, 164 (9%) with &lt;29 weeks' gestational age (GA), 189 (11%) with 29 to 32 weeks' GA, and 452 (25%) with 33 to 36 weeks' GA. The rest were term infants: 86 (5%) with hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia, 194 (11%) requiring respiratory support, and 541 (30%) admitted for other reasons. Median total NICU costs varied from $6,267 (term infants admitted for other reasons) to $211,103 (infants born with &lt;29 weeks' GA). Median daily costs ranged from $1,613 to $2,238. Predicted costs correlated with actual costs across all case-mix groups (rho range 0.78\u20130.98, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) with physician and nursing representing the largest proportion of total costs (65\u201382%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003The CNN algorithm accurately predicts NICU total costs for seven case-mix groups. Personnel costs account for three-fourths of in-hospital total costs of all infants in the NICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key Points<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2251-6238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T19:03:35Z","timestamp":1706036615000},"page":"1688-1696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Validation of a Costing Algorithm and Cost Drivers for Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"Jabbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharina","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Laval, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Pechlivanoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakesh S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Beltempo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the Canadian Preterm Birth Network Investigators Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-93","article-title":"The economic burden of prematurity in Canada","volume":"14","author":"K M Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.12927\/hcq.2013.21121","article-title":"CIHI survey: hospital costs for preterm and small-for-gestational age babies in Canada","volume":"12","author":"G Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Healthc Q"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-36","article-title":"Cost of neonatal intensive care for extremely preterm infants in Canada","volume":"10","author":"A Rolnitsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200507000-00031","article-title":"The cost of prematurity: hospital charges at birth and frequency of rehospitalizations and acute care visits over the first year of life: a comparison by gestational age and birth weight","volume":"105","author":"K D Cuevas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200502","article-title":"A critical review of cost reduction in neonatal intensive care. 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