{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:54:38Z","timestamp":1776455678866,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 17-year-old Appaloosa mare was referred for evaluation of presumed refractory\n                    keratitis of the left eye. Gross examination revealed ocular discomfort and\n                    corneal neovascularization with a nasal focal opacification affecting\n                    approximately 40% of the corneal surface. On ophthalmic examination, extensive\n                    subepithelial to mid-stromal vascular branching accompanied by a homogeneous\n                    white, dense opacification, which affected up to 80% of the total corneal\n                    thickness, were apparent. Signs of concurrent uveitis were absent. Deep-stromal\n                    lamellar keratectomy with a conjunctival pedicle graft was performed under\n                    general anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed a poorly differentiated corneal\n                    stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SI-SCC) with neoplastic cell extension\n                    to the surgical margins. Postoperatively, 4 topical mitomycin C 0.04%\n                    chemotherapy cycles combined with oral firocoxib therapy were initiated. Seven\n                    months after surgery, regrowth of the SI-SCC was clinically suspected. A total\n                    volume of 1 ml bevacizumab 2.5% was administered in the standing sedated horse\n                    via 3 mid-stromal corneal injections. Four weeks later, intrastromal bevacizumab\n                    injections (ISBIs) were repeated, however, this time the solution was injected\n                    directly into the main corneal vessel branches.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Seven weeks after the second ISBIs, the left eye was comfortable and significant\n                    remission of corneal vascularization and opacity was recognized. No recurrence\n                    has been noted for a follow-up period of more than 53 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Equine SI-SCC usually has a very poor prognosis for globe maintenance. To the\n                    authors\u2019 knowledge this is the first report of well-tolerated intrastromal\n                    antivascular endothelial growth factor adjunctive therapy with bevazicumab 2.5%\n                    and SI-SCC resolution after a multimodal treatment approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2253-8103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T22:32:41Z","timestamp":1714775561000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adjunctive bevacizumab therapy in an equine corneal stromal invasive\n                    squamous cell carcinoma with a 53-months follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Klaas-Ole","family":"Blohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierklinik L\u00fcsche im SANAKENA, Appen-Etz, Germany"},{"name":"Tierarztpraxis Sch\u00f6nhoff, Stendal, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Ophthalmology Unit,\n                    University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Nell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Ophthalmology Unit,\n                    University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Periocular Neoplasia in the Horse","volume":"33","author":"K Estell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00358.x","article-title":"Primary invasive ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse","volume":"8","author":"S Kaps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2009.00666.x","article-title":"Corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective morphological\n                    description in 10 horses","volume":"12","author":"C Kafarnik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00016","article-title":"Regression of retinal and iris neovascularization after intravitreal bevacizumab\n                    (Avastin) treatment","volume":"26","author":"R L Avery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31822480f9","article-title":"Anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab for anterior segment eye disease","volume":"31","author":"H Hosseini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318289ddd8","article-title":"Subconjunctival bevacizumab injection for ocular surface squamous neoplasia","volume":"32","author":"A Faramarzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0244","article-title":"Intralesional bevacizumab use for invasive ocular surface squamous\n                    neoplasia","volume":"28","author":"S Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3182392f29","article-title":"Refractory squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva treated with\n                    subconjunctival ranibizumab (Lucentis): a two-year study","volume":"28","author":"P T Finger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.156489","article-title":"Subconjunctival ranibizumab for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva with\n                    corneal extension","volume":"93","author":"C C Teng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12931","article-title":"Topical bevacizumab for the treatment of corneal vascularization in dogs: A case\n                    series","volume":"24","author":"LM Muellerleile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01051.x","article-title":"Combined excision and intralesional bevacizumab for sebaceous carcinoma of the\n                    eyelid in an Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)","volume":"16","author":"M L Edelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.850098","article-title":"Anti-VEGF therapy (bevacizumab) for sulfur mustard-induced corneal\n                    neovascularization associated with delayed limbal stem cell deficiency in\n                    rabbits","volume":"39","author":"T Kadar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.03.018","article-title":"In-vitro binding analysis of anti-human vascular endothelial growth factor\n                    antibodies bevacizumab and aflibercept with canine, feline, and equine vascular\n                    endothelial growth factor","volume":"124","author":"L M Muellerleile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10110632","article-title":"Bevacizumab Efficiently Inhibits VEGF-Associated Cellular Processes in Equine\n                    Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: An In Vitro Characterization","volume":"10","author":"U Lessiak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"13","article-title":"Antiangiogene Therapie gegen Neovascularisation der Cornea mit Bevacizumab","author":"J T\u00f3th","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tagung der DVG-Fachgruppe Pferdekrankheiten (AG Ophthalmologie) -\n                    Immunbedingte Keratitis (IMMK)"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"15","article-title":"Intracorneale Injektion von Bevacizumab zur Behandlung von\n                    Hornhautvaskularisation bei Pferden: 73 klinische F\u00e4lle","author":"J T\u00f3th","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tagung der DVG-Fachgruppe Pferdekrankheiten (AG\n                    Ophthalmologie)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12628","article-title":"Serum vascular endothelial growth factor changes and safety after topical\n                    anti-human VEGF antibody bevacizumab in healthy dogs","volume":"22","author":"LM Muellerleile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8718","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7871","article-title":"Corneal penetration of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab","volume":"52","author":"M H Dastjerdi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12136","article-title":"Treatment of six cases of equine corneal stromal abscessation with intracorneal\n                    injection of 5% voriconazole solution","volume":"17","author":"K M Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00489.x","article-title":"Combined keratectomy, strontium-90 irradiation and permanent bulbar conjunctival\n                    grafts for corneolimbal squamous cell carcinomas in horses (1990-2002): 38\n                    horses","volume":"10","author":"C E Plummer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Gro\u00dftiere \/ Nutztiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2253-8103.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1730810303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2253-8103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2253-8103","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1220","2567-5834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1220","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-5834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}