{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:03:58Z","timestamp":1780733038108,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003While free jejunum transfer (FJT) following total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy (TPLE) is a reliable reconstruction technique, the jejunum flap is viewed as more susceptible to ischemia than a standard free flap. Animal studies have indicated that the jejunum can tolerate ischemia for as little as 2 to 3\u2009hours. Clinical studies also reported increased complications after the FJT with more than 3\u2009hours of ischemia. Traditionally, our institution has carried out FJT with an initial intestinal anastomosis, followed by a vascular anastomosis, which often results in extended jejunal ischemia time. In this study, we retrospectively examined the actual tolerance of the jejunum to ischemia, considering perioperative complications and postoperative dysphagia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We retrospectively studied 402 consecutive cases involving TPLE\u2009+\u2009FJT. Patients were divided into five groups based on jejunum ischemia time (\u223c119\u2009minutes, 120\u223c149\u2009minutes, 150\u223c179\u2009minutes, 180\u223c209\u2009minutes, 210\u2009minutes\u223c), with each variable and result item compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent factors influencing the four results: three perioperative complications (pedicle thrombosis, anastomotic leak, surgical site infection) and dysphagia at 6 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean jejunal ischemia time was 164.6\u2009\u00b1\u200928.4 (90\u2013259) minutes. When comparing groups divided by jejunal ischemia time, we found no significant differences in overall outcomes or complications. Our multivariate analyses indicated that jejunal ischemia time did not impact the three perioperative complications and postoperative dysphagia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In TPLE\u2009+\u2009FJT, a jejunal ischemia time of up to 4\u2009hours had no effect on perioperative complications or postoperative dysphagia. The TPLE\u2009+\u2009FJT technique, involving a jejunal anastomosis first followed by vascular anastomosis, benefits from an easier jejunal anastomosis but suffers from a longer jejunal ischemia time. However, we found that ischemia time does not pose significant problems, although we have not evaluated the effects of jejunal ischemia extending beyond 4\u2009hours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2253-8371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T23:46:56Z","timestamp":1706226416000},"page":"407-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Ischemic Tolerance up to Four Hours of Free Jejunum Flap: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Kagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Arikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kageyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Higashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center East, Kashiwa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 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