{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:06:31Z","timestamp":1789214791123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003We previously reported the results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire (HIQ), the Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire (SSSD), and the Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Tinnitus (SAD-T). Confirmatory\n factor analysis (CFA) is necessary to confirm the latent constructs determined using EFA. CFA should use different samples but with similar characteristics to those used for EFA. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003The aim was to use CFA to confirm latent constructs derived using EFA of the HIQ, SSSQ,\n and SAD-T. We further evaluated the psychometric properties of parent versions of these questionnaires (indicated by -P), which are intended for use with children. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003Data for 323 consecutive\n adults and 49 children who attended a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Clinic in the United Kingdom within a 6-month period were included. <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003Data were collected retrospectively from the records of patients held at the Audiology Department. CFA with\n the weighted least-squares mean and variance-adjusted estimator was applied to assess the previously proposed factor structures of the HIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T. The internal consistency of the scales was assessed via Cronbach's \u03b1 (\u03b1). The items of the HIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T were tested\n for measurement invariance regarding age and gender using the multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003All questionnaires showed good to excellent internal consistency, with \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.93 for the HIQ, 0.87 for the SSSQ, and 0.91 for the SAD-T.\n The parent versions showed acceptable to good internal consistency, with \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.88 for the HIQ-P, 0.71 for the SSSQ-P, and 0.86 for the SAD-T-P. CFA showed that the HIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T were all one-factor questionnaires and the factors generally were similar to those obtained\n for the EFA. The MIMIC model showed that all three questionnaires can be considered as measurement invariant, with scores similar across genders and ages. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold> The HIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T are internally consistent one-factor questionnaires that can be used in clinical and research\n settings to assess the impact of hyperacusis, the severity of sound sensitivity symptoms, and to screen for anxiety and depression symptoms. Future studies should further explore the psychometric properties of the parent versions of the HIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2255-7643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:36:16Z","timestamp":1706574976000},"page":"81-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire, Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire, and Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Tinnitus, Including Preliminary Analyses of the Parent Versions for Use with Children"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Hashir","family":"Aazh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercede","family":"Erfanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hashir International Specialist Clinics & Research Institute for Misophonia, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis, R&D Department, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hashir International Specialist Clinics & Research Institute for Misophonia, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis, R&D Department, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silia","family":"Vitoratou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Psychometric and Measurement Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0010","article-title":"A review of hyperacusis and future directions: part I. 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