{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:03:05Z","timestamp":1767967385766,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare condition. However, it should be suspected when there are traumatic facial fractures, because if not diagnosed, it can lead to permanent damage such as blindness. Traumatic CCF often presents delayed symptoms, and delayed diagnosis without prompt treatment can lead to permanent injuries in optic and cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI as well as intracranial hemorrhage. The routine initial modality for patients with suspected facial bone fractures is noncontrast computed tomography (CT) to identify any fracture lines and check for intracranial hemorrhage. We report a post-traumatic CCF case with a 4-day symptom delay, where left superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) enlargement was observed on the routine noncontrast facial CT with ipsilateral orbital wall fracture. When the patient first presented to the emergency room (ER), we did not detect vein enlargement on CT. Afterwards, the patient developed delayed symptoms of CCF and was readmitted to the ER. When we reanalyzed the first CT scan, an enlarged SOV was confirmed. The diagnosis was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging angiography, and the patient was successfully treated with embolization of the fistula. Thus, we recommend reviewing ophthalmic vein enlargement that is readily identifiable through noncontrast CT for patients injured by craniofacial trauma to suspect the presence of delayed CCF at their initial presentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2258-2586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:02:20Z","timestamp":1706745740000},"page":"397-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neglected Superior Ophthalmic Vein Enlargement before Delayed Symptom of Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a Blowout Fracture: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunkyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inhoe","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6403-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Ung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.53862","article-title":"Carotid cavernous fistula: ophthalmological implications","volume":"16","author":"I A Chaudhry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139407300612","article-title":"Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula with delayed epistaxis","volume":"73","author":"B Millman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(95)80028-X","article-title":"Cavernous sinus-carotid fistula: a complication of maxillofacial injury","volume":"24","author":"P Nocini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac 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tinnitus: the hallmark of a direct carotico-cavernous fistula","volume":"121","author":"B Lerut","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas","volume":"23","author":"N R Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.07.002","article-title":"Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis: What radiologist and clinician must know?","volume":"6","author":"H Sotoudeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00028_9.x","article-title":"Bilateral superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis in a young woman","volume":"81","author":"M Michaelides","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol 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patients","volume":"48","author":"M Kirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.06.008","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas: A single-center experience","volume":"18","author":"W Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Traumatic carotid cavernous fistula accompanying basilar skull fracture: a study on the incidence of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula in the patients with basilar skull fracture and the prognostic analysis about traumatic carotid cavernous fistula","volume":"63","author":"W Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.1029","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of dural arteriovenous 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