{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:14:51Z","timestamp":1790615691170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The Italian Association of Preeclampsia (AIPE) and the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP) developed clinical questions on maternal hemodynamics state of the art.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003AIPE and SIMP experts were divided in small groups and were invited to propose an overview of the existing literature on specific topics related to the clinical questions proposed, developing, wherever possible, clinical and\/or research recommendations based on available evidence, expert opinion, and clinical importance. Draft recommendations with a clinical rationale were submitted to 8th AIPE and SIMP Consensus Expert Panel for consideration and approval, with at least 75% agreement required for individual recommendations to be included in the final version.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003More and more evidence in literature underlines the relationship between maternal and fetal hemodynamics, as well as the relationship between maternal cardiovascular profile and fetal-maternal adverse outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Experts agreed on proposing a classification of pregnancy hypertension, complications, and cardiovascular states based on three different hemodynamic profiles depending on total peripheral vascular resistance values: hypodynamic (&gt;1,300\u2009dynes\u00b7s\u00b7cm\u22125), normo-dynamic, and hyperdynamic (&lt;800\u2009dynes\u00b7s\u00b7cm\u22125) circulation. This differentiation implies different therapeutical strategies, based drugs' characteristics, and maternal cardiovascular profile. Finally, the cardiovascular characteristics of the women may be useful for a rational approach to an appropriate follow-up, due to the increased cardiovascular risk later in life.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Although the evidence might not be conclusive, given the lack of large randomized trials, maternal hemodynamics might have great importance in helping clinicians in understanding the pathophysiology and chose a rational treatment of patients with or at risk for pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2267-3994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:29:25Z","timestamp":1707870565000},"page":"1999-2013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Maternal Hemodynamics from Preconception to Delivery: Research and Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications: Position Statement by Italian Association of Preeclampsia and Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4942-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Vasapollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zullino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Paolo","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Care Services, Prehospitalization Unit, Policlinico di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Farsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Ottanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Clemenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4439-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Micaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Unit of Obstetric and Gynecologic Anesthesia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ferrazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child, and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Denis","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child, and Newborn, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tullio","family":"Ghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4405-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Di Pasquo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Orabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Corbella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Infant Department SC, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Frigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation in Obstetrics, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Prefumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Stampalija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano Raffaele","family":"Giannubilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Valensise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Mecacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, 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