{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:57:24Z","timestamp":1793141844783,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze tumor-related complications after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy in patients with uveal melanoma, with respect to local tumor control, insufficient radiation response, enucleation, and metastasis rate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Patients\/Methods and Materials This retrospective study included 608 patients treated consecutively with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between January 2008 and December 2010 at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen. The occurrence of radiation-induced results was analyzed by estimating the risk by applying the Kaplan-Meier method, i.e., the \u201ctime to event\u201d analysis. The Cox model test was used for the univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses. The median follow-up was 51 months after primary treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Tumor recurrence was found in 21 patients (3.5%) and repeated treatment due to insufficient effect after the initial ruthenium-106 brachytherapy was performed in 40 patients (6.6%). The 5-year cumulative risk of recurrence was 4.0% and that of insufficient effect was 7.3%. Thirteen patients (2.1%) underwent a secondary enucleation; 8 because of a local recurrence and 5 because of severe post-brachytherapy complications. The cumulative enucleation risk was 2.3% after 5 years and 2.9% after 10 years, corresponding to eye preservation of 97.7 and 97.1%, respectively. In forty-two patients (7.2%), metastatic disease was diagnosed during the follow-up. The metastatic rate as calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 9.0, and 13.1% at 5 and 10 years, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Our study demonstrated that ruthenium-106 brachytherapy is an excellent treatment option for achieving local tumor control and eye preservation in well-selected patients. The metastatic rate is in agreement with that of previous studies analyzing small to medium size uveal melanomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2268-0985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:08:25Z","timestamp":1707955705000},"page":"105-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tumor- and Radiation-Related Complications after Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy in Small to Medium Uveal Melanomas (Part 1)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Fotios","family":"Lalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Fl\u00fchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Guberina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Bornfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stuschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos E.","family":"Bechrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.275","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer","volume":"31","author":"S Kaliki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.040","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival","volume":"118","author":"A D Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.01.032","article-title":"Incidence of uveal melanoma in Europe","volume":"114","author":"G Virgili","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.11.844","article-title":"Results after beta-irradiation (106Ru\/106Rh) of choroidal melanomas: 20 years\u02bc experience","volume":"70","author":"P K Lommatzsch","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.50.3.147","article-title":"Radiotherapy for malignant melanoma of the choroid","volume":"50","author":"H B Stallard","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2013.11.008","article-title":"The American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma","volume":"13","author":"American Brachytherapy Society \u2013 Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force. 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