{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:01:51Z","timestamp":1792724511647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fundamental goal of modern face and neck lifting is to enhance and restore a more youthful facial appearance by addressing soft tissue descent. There are variations in described facelift technique including superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flaps, composite flaps, deep plane, skin flaps, and subperiosteal facelifts, among others. The term \u201cdeep plane rhytidectomy\u201d was originally described by Hamra. This term has since been linked with facelift surgery with recent advances including incision placement, treatments of SMAS\u2013platysma complex, and mastoid crevasse among others. In the lead authors' experience, using deep plane techniques have demonstrated superior facial surgical rejuvenation results with less dependence on ancillary measures such as fat grafting or implantation for midface volumization. In order to successfully perform any face or neck lift, it is key to understand the relationship of the skin, the fat compartments, and the ligamentous attachments. This chapter details the anatomy of the deep plane of the face and neck and explains some nuances as it relates to surgical lifting. We also describe recent anatomical revelations of the mandibular ligament and its management in deep plane face lifting. In this chapter, given this opportunity to share personal experiences and preferences, the authors hope to describe relevant anatomy for the deep plane and provide some clarity on the merits of deep plane face and neck lift technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2268-6735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:07:37Z","timestamp":1707955657000},"page":"680-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Detailed Anatomy of the Deep Plane of the Face and Neck with Current Nomenclature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Talei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beverly Hills Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Beverly Hills, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedyeh","family":"Ziai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beverly Hills Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Beverly Hills, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197607000-00013","article-title":"The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the parotid and cheek area","volume":"58","author":"V Mitz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP132","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad321","article-title":"The mastoid crevasse and 3-dimensional considerations in deep plane neck lifting","volume":"44","author":"B Talei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.01.006","article-title":"Vertical neck lifting","volume":"22","author":"A A Jacono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X11424146","article-title":"The minimal access deep plane extended vertical facelift","volume":"31","author":"A A Jacono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200001000-00007","article-title":"Temporoparietal fascia: an anatomic and histologic reinvestigation with new potential clinical applications","volume":"105","author":"A T Tellio\u011flu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199007000-00008","article-title":"The deep-plane rhytidectomy","volume":"86","author":"S T Hamra","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12455826","article-title":"Patient-specific rhytidectomy: finding the angle of maximal rejuvenation","volume":"32","author":"A A Jacono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-13593","article-title":"The face lift: technical considerations","volume":"16","author":"R Alsarraf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","first-page":"1023","article-title":"The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS): does it really exist as an anatomic entity?","volume":"153","author":"L Minelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13495405","article-title":"Retaining ligaments of the face: review of anatomy and clinical applications","volume":"33","author":"M Alghoul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00003","article-title":"The retaining ligaments of the cheek","volume":"83","author":"D W Furnas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Surgical anatomy of the SMAS at the malar region","author":"J Bosse","year":"1987"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000021442.30272.0E","article-title":"Anatomicohistologic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and use in face lift: retaining ligament correction and SMAS plication","volume":"110","author":"R Ozdemir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02996-3","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the jowl and the mandibular ligament reassessed","volume":"47","author":"L Minelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-007-9060-3","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the lower face: the premasseter space, the jowl, and the labiomandibular fold","volume":"32","author":"B C Mendelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2022.01.015","article-title":"Deep plane anatomy for the facelift surgeon: a comprehensive three-dimensional journey","volume":"30","author":"C C Surek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2020.03.005","article-title":"Superficial and deep facial anatomy and its implications for rhytidectomy","volume":"28","author":"J M Sykes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2188-8608","article-title":"PHAT lips and PHAT face: platelet hybridized adipose therapy for superficial musculoaponeurotic system and dermal rejuvenation","author":"B Talei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2317-4","article-title":"Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods","volume":"32","author":"C Ash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2268-6735.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1731714011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2268-6735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2268-6735","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]}}}