{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:00:24Z","timestamp":1780722024569,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and\n                    exercise-training (TRN) is known to reduce risk factors and protect the heart\n                    from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Though the cardioprotective effects of\n                    exercise are well-documented, underlying mechanisms are not well understood.\n                    This review highlights recent findings and focuses on cardiac factors with\n                    emphasis on K+ channel control of the action potential duration\n                    (APD), \u03b2-adrenergic and adenosine regulation of cardiomyocyte function, and\n                    mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. TRN-induced prolongation and\n                    shortening of the APD at low and high activation rates, respectively, is\n                    discussed in the context of a reduced response of the sarcolemma delayed\n                    rectifier potassium channel (IK) and increased content and activation of the\n                    sarcolemma KATP channel. A proposed mechanism underlying the latter\n                    is presented, including the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase\/protein kinase B\n                    pathway. TRN induced increases in cardiomyocyte contractility and the response\n                    to adrenergic agonists are discussed. The TRN-induced protection from\n                    reperfusion injury is highlighted by the increased content and activation of the\n                    sarcolemma KATP channel and the increased phosphorylated glycogen\n                    synthase kinase-3\u03b2, which aid in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+\n                    overload and mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. Finally, a brief section is\n                    presented on the increased incidences of atrial fibrillation associated with age\n                    and in life-long exercisers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2296-7604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T22:45:16Z","timestamp":1713825916000},"page":"791-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiomyocyte Adaptation to Exercise: K+ Channels,\n                    Contractility and Ischemic Injury"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Fitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,\n                    United States"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai-Meng","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,\n                    United States"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"},{"name":"Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou K. S.","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"},{"name":"Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"},{"name":"Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United\n                    States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938282","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of long-term intensive exercise\n                    training","volume":"123","author":"B Benito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.857","article-title":"Statement on exercise: Benefits and recommendations for physical activity\n                    programs for all Americans. 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