{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T23:43:44Z","timestamp":1762559024936,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background We observed cases of unilateral upper eyelid retraction (UER) with unclear pathogenesis, where a definitive diagnosis of Graves\u02bc orbitopathy (GO) could not be made and other pathologies were ruled out. The aim is to present patients\u02bc findings, discuss possible underlying mechanisms, and to describe diagnostic testing and therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients and Methods Patients were retrospectively analyzed who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of LMU Munich between 2016 and 2021 without a definitive diagnosis of GO or other pathological causes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results Thirteen patients with unexplained UER were included; all showed thickening of the levator complex in imaging. When biopsy was performed, no malignancy could be detected. Therapeutic strategies included oral steroids and surgical upper eyelid blepharotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion As regards to pathogenesis, in 7\/13 patients, a condition of idiopathic UER due to an idiopathic inflammatory response can be postulated rather than a variant of GO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2307-0256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T19:45:35Z","timestamp":1716839135000},"page":"1061-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Observation of Unexplained Cases of Unilateral Upper Eyelid Retraction from Idiopathic Inflammation or an Atypical Form of Graves\u02bc Orbitopathy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmolgy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Bayerl-L\u00f6he","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmolgy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Augenzentrum auf der Insel, Ingolstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hintschich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmolgy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Lid retraction and levator aponeurosis defects in Graves\u02bc eye disease","volume":"17","author":"B R Frueh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310695","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment for 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Ponto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000124675.80763.5a","article-title":"Prevalence of asymmetric exophthalmos in Graves orbitopathy","volume":"20","author":"A E Soroudi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"371","article-title":"The differential diagnosis and classification of eyelid retraction","volume":"93","author":"G B Bartley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0479","article-title":"The 2021 European Group on Graves\u02bc orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves\u02bc orbitopathy","volume":"185","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160008","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-16-0008","article-title":"Thyroid antibody-negative euthyroid Graves\u02bc ophthalmopathy","volume":"2016","author":"A Tabasum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1325-9061","article-title":"Eyelid Surgery in Graves\u02bc Orbitopathy","volume":"238","author":"C Hintschich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.052852","article-title":"Full thickness eyelid transsection (blepharotomy) for upper eyelid lengthening in lid retraction associated with Graves\u02bc disease","volume":"89","author":"C Hintschich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9514279","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9514279","article-title":"Observations on the Efficacy of Two Methods for the Treatment of Upper Eyelid Retraction in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy","volume":"2021","author":"D Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2020.1814351","article-title":"An algorithm for Botulinum toxin A injection for upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease: long-term results","volume":"40","author":"G Ozturk Karabulut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orbit"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr 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