{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:11:21Z","timestamp":1792087881958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fastpitch softball is a popular women\u2019s sport, and athletes, particularly\n                    pitchers, are at high risk for overuse injury. Softball-related injury rates are\n                    low; however, the prevalence of overuse injuries is high. Injuries at the high\n                    school and collegiate levels occur early in the season, and approximately 50% of\n                    shoulder and elbow injuries in softball are attributable to overuse. Survey\n                    research showed 77% of high school pitchers pitch with pain, and 73% of\n                    collegiate pitchers reported an overuse injury in the previous season.\n                    Modifiable and non-modifiable intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contribute to\n                    injury risk in a model that can be used in history taking, clinical examination,\n                    and management of softball-related injuries. In this manuscript, we present a\n                    scoping review of fastpitch softball injury research by competitive levels from\n                    1990 to present. We also introduce a model for overuse injury causality in this\n                    athlete population. With this information, clinicians will be able to identify\n                    risk factors related to injury in softball pitchers. More research is needed to\n                    make evidence-based recommendations for injury prevention in this athlete\n                    population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2312-5051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T23:43:46Z","timestamp":1716853426000},"page":"804-809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Model for Causality of Pitching-related Overuse Injuries in Women\u2019s\n                    Fastpitch Softball"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kaila A.","family":"Holtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of\n                    British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Zaremski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of\n                    Florida, Gainesville, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Janosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,\n                    United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenzie B.","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen D.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-46.6.648","article-title":"Incidence of injuries in high school softball and 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Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-322-16","article-title":"Rate of upper extremity injury in high school baseball pitchers who played\n                    catcher as a secondary position","volume":"53","author":"E E Hibberd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516688657","article-title":"Effect of pitching consecutive days in youth fast-pitch softball tournaments on\n                    objective shoulder strength and subjective shoulder symptoms","volume":"45","author":"S A Skillington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211055142","article-title":"Chronic workload, subjective arm health, and throwing injury in high school\n                    baseball players: 3-year retrospective pilot study","volume":"14","author":"S Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118765255","article-title":"Unaccounted workload factor: Game-day pitch counts in high school baseball\n                    pitchers-An observational study","author":"J L Zaremski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211051381","article-title":"Relationship between pitch volume and subjective report of injury in high school\n                    female fast-pitch softball pitchers","volume":"14","author":"B Gooch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231169947","article-title":"Caregiver awareness of safe pitching recommendations in youth fastpitch softball\n                    pitchers","author":"S Kamarajugadda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211052022","article-title":"Differences in lower extremity kinematics between collegiate and youth softball\n                    pitchers","author":"J L Downs Talmage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211021826","article-title":"Comparison of pelvis and trunk kinematics between youth and collegiate windmill\n                    softball pitchers","author":"K W Wasserberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.29011\/2575-8241.000081","article-title":"The effects of a pre-throwing program on collegiate NCAA Division I softball\n                    pitchers\u2019 biomechanical measures of hip and shoulder range of motion","author":"G D Oliver","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Ther"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000293","article-title":"Softball pitching and injury","volume":"15","author":"A Lear","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports 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