{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:04:18Z","timestamp":1772838258236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction Little is known about the interplay between genetics and\n                    epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side\n                    effects, and (3) serum levels. This study explored the relationship among single\n                    nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation (DNAm), and mRNA levels of four\n                    pharmacokinetic genes, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and\n                        ABCB1, and its effect on these outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression-1\n                    dataset consisted of 177 individuals with major depressive disorder treated for\n                    8 weeks with escitalopram (ESC) followed by 8 weeks with ESC monotherapy or\n                    augmentation with aripiprazole. DNAm quantitative trait loci (mQTL), identified\n                    by SNP-CpG associations between 20 SNPs and 60 CpG sites in whole blood, were\n                    tested for associations with our outcomes, followed by causal inference tests\n                    (CITs) to identify methylation-mediated genetic effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Eleven cis-SNP-CpG pairs (q&lt;0.05) constituting four\n                    unique SNPs were identified. Although no significant associations were observed\n                    between mQTLs and response\/remission, CYP2C19 rs4244285 was associated\n                    with treatment-related weight gain (q=0.027) and serum concentrations of\n                        ESCadj (q&lt;0.001). Between weeks 2-4, 6.7% and 14.9% of\n                    those with *1\/*1 (normal metabolizers) and *1\/*2 (intermediate metabolizers)\n                    genotypes, respectively, reported \u22652 lbs of weight gain. In contrast, the *2\/*2\n                    genotype (poor metabolizers) did not report weight gain during this period and\n                    demonstrated the highest ESCadj concentrations. CITs did not indicate\n                    that these effects were epigenetically mediated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Discussion These results elucidate functional mechanisms underlying the\n                    established associations between CYP2C19 rs4244285 and ESC\n                    pharmacokinetics. This mQTL SNP as a marker for antidepressant-related weight\n                    gain needs to be further explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2313-9979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T22:53:52Z","timestamp":1719356032000},"page":"232-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrative Genetic Variation, DNA Methylation, and Gene Expression\n                    Analysis of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole Treatment Outcomes in Depression: A\n                    CAN-BIND-1 Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Farhana","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto,\n                    Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Lisoway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University\n                    Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leen","family":"Magarbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto,\n                    Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samar S. M.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kloiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto,\n                    Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benicio N.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster\n                    University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roumen","family":"Milev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care,\n                    Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio N.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Providence Care,\n                    Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar V.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,\n                    USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Placenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,\n                    Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss\n                    Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,\n                    Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss\n                    Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Leri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph,\n                    Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Blier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Uher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faranak","family":"Farzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey,\n                    British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond W.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,\n                    British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Turecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University\n                    Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster\n                    University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario,\n                    Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Rotzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of\n                    Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidney H.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, St Michael's Hospital, University of\n                    Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge\n                    Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction\n                    and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto,\n                    Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,\n                    Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University\n                    Clinic of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20701","article-title":"A network meta-analysis of the effects of psychotherapies, 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