{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T07:35:43Z","timestamp":1764228943592,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past 2 decades, the increasing availability of computed tomography (CT)\n                    and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the growing professional\n                    expertise have significantly improved the diagnostics of middle and inner ear\n                    diseases in dogs and cats. In answering some of the diagnostic questions, CT and\n                    MRT demonstrate equivalent performance. For most questions, however, there are\n                    differences in the diagnostic performance due to the physical imaging properties\n                    of the 2 modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CT is more sensitive in demonstrating involvement of the bulla wall and is more\n                    effective for detecting abnormal content within the tympanic bulla. In addition,\n                    with CT it is often easier to guide tissue samplings. On the other hand,\n                    structural changes of the soft tissues of the skull, head, meninges, brain, and\n                    nerves are not or only insufficiently detectable on CT images. MRI is clearly\n                    superior here. Therefore, MRI is essential for the characterization of materials\n                    inside the bulla cavity and for demonstrating the extent of any central spread\n                    of otitis media (OM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this image essay, CT and MRI features of OM and resulting secondary lesions\n                    described in the literature are analyzed and summarized. Own image examples are\n                    used for illustration. Information on the etiology, pathogenesis,\n                    pathomorphology, and clinical signs important for understanding these changes\n                    are presented in concise descriptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2324-0318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T18:45:03Z","timestamp":1719427503000},"page":"151-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging findings in otitis media and resulting secondary lesions in\n                    dogs and cats \u2013 an image essay"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Small Animals and Horses,\n                    University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Jopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link & Jopp Small Animal Veterinary Specialists, Starnberg,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasamin","family":"Vali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Small Animals and Horses,\n                    University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18764582","article-title":"Clinical features and short-term outcome of presumptive intracranial\n                    complications associated with otitis media\/interna: a multi-center retrospective\n                    study of 19 cats (2009-2017)","volume":"21","author":"S A Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2003.10.007","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in dogs and cats","volume":"34","author":"L N Gotthelf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2006)20","article-title":"Computed tomographic evidence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease:\n                    2001-2004","volume":"20","author":"D A Detweiler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03390.x","article-title":"The aerobic bacterial flora of the middle and external ears in normal dogs","volume":"25","author":"H Matsuda","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.05.013","article-title":"Prevalence of select infectious agents in inflammatory aural and nasopharyngeal\n                    polyps from client-owned cats","volume":"12","author":"T C Klose","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(88)50088-8","article-title":"Otitis media and otitis interna. 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Veterinary\n                    Computed Tomography","author":"R Drees","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12180","article-title":"Prevalence of ear disease in dogs undergoing multidetector thin-slice computed\n                    tomography of the head","volume":"56","author":"A Foster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12503","article-title":"Computed tomographic findings in 205 dogs with clinical signs compatible with\n                    middle ear disease: a retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"A Belmudes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.146.17.50","article-title":"MRI findings in a dog with otitis media and suspected otitis interna","volume":"146","author":"L S Garosi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04025.x","article-title":"Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for\n                    investigation of neurologic signs","volume":"45","author":"M C Owen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2006)20","article-title":"Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and outcome after surgical\n                    and medical treatment of otogenic intracranial infection in 11 cats and 4\n                    dogs","volume":"20","author":"B K Sturges","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"380","volume-title":"External, Middle, and Inner Ear. 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Boca Raton-London-New York:","author":"J H Saunders","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.10.001","article-title":"Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging findings and outcome in 77 cats with\n                    vestibular disease: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"A Negrin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02366-8","article-title":"Clinical signs, MRI findings and outcome in dogs with peripheral vestibular\n                    disease: a retrospective study","author":"R Orlandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12876","article-title":"Inner ear fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI signal intensity in dogs with\n                    vestibular disease","volume":"61","author":"G Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105748","article-title":"Unilateral decrease in inner ear signal in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery\n                    sequences in previously suspected canine idiopathic vestibular syndrome","volume":"277","author":"S Foth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"25","article-title":"Suppression of inner ear signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery\n                    magnetic resonance imaging in cats with vestibular disease","author":"S Everest","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb00435.x","article-title":"Meningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in 15 dogs and 3 cats","volume":"43","author":"L M Mellema","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Radiol 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Otol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02857685","article-title":"A retrospective study on cholesteatoma otitis media coexisting with cholesterol\n                    granuloma","volume":"22","author":"L Luo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2324-0318.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T07:31:10Z","timestamp":1764228670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2324-0318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2324-0318","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1239","2567-5842"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-1239"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2567-5842"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}