{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:06:16Z","timestamp":1765976776285,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003The study aims to investigate the zone of injury for major vessels after high-velocity traumas, as it is unclear whether avoiding vascular structures is necessary during microvascular anastomosis or how long it takes for them to be used again.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003This study uses Doppler ultrasonography and a rat model to evaluate the histopathological changes and flow velocity of major vessels in the zone of injury after high-velocity trauma with closed femoral bone fracture. Osteosynthesis was performed using an intramedullary wire. Samples were collected from day 3 and week 3. The unaffected contralateral side is used as control.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Results from arterial and venous flow assessments showed no evidence of ischemia in the extremities. Both arteries and veins were patent in both intervals and on the control side. The evaluation of the vessels showed arterial injury with a slightly reduced arterial flow on day 3 and week 3. The venous flow was slightly reduced on day 3 but not on week 3. Statistically, arterial endothelial injury was higher on day 3 than on week 3 (p\u2009=\u20090.006). Media inflammation was also higher on day 3 (p\u2009=\u20090.06). Arterial endothelization distribution was higher in week 3 (p\u2009=\u20090.006). No significant differences were found in arterial media irregularity, necrosis, platelet aggregation, bleeding, and wall rupture. Venous samples showed no significant differences in any parameter (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003High-velocity trauma increases the risk of thrombosis in vessels. Intravascular repair can start on day 2 and continue till week 3 with significant endothelization. Although physiologic findings do not alter arterial or venous flow, histologic findings support vessel injuries leading to potential complications. Microsurgery should be considered out of the injury zone until adequate vessel healing is achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2332-0263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T23:02:17Z","timestamp":1716505337000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blunt Trauma Induced Closed Femoral Bone Fracture in a Rat Model: Are Vessels Safe to Use for Microsurgery? Further Insight into the Zone of Injury Concept"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Karaca","family":"Basaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uskudar University, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7023-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asli","family":"Datli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istinye University, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sagir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Acibadem Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Clinic, Istanbul, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Bilgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Radiology Department, Istanbul, Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000169938.26534.97","article-title":"The effect of tirofiban on microvascular thrombosis: crush model","volume":"116","author":"Y J Yates","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10146","article-title":"Microvascular repair following crush-avulsion type injury with vein grafts: effect of direct inhibitors of thrombin on patency rate","volume":"23","author":"A I Gravvanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1278716","article-title":"An objective evaluation of an injured vessel wall using fluorescein sodium before microvascular anastomosis in an experimental rat model","volume":"27","author":"M Uralo\u011flu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(85)90064-5","article-title":"A study of the extent and pathology of experimental avulsion injury in rabbit arteries and veins","volume":"38","author":"G M Mitchell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708835","article-title":"Importance of vascularity and selecting the recipient vessels of lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"37","author":"J P Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740218","article-title":"Using duplex ultrasound for recipient vessel selection","volume":"38","author":"J P Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319109034914","article-title":"The effect of severe contusion on the vessels of the femoral region. 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