{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:54:29Z","timestamp":1761396869961,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background There have been reports of serious side effects of Remdesivir,\n                    including cardiovascular complications. The present study aimed to determine the\n                    adverse cardiovascular effects of Remdesivir and the factors affecting them in\n                    COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods The patients were classified into two groups: those receiving\n                    Remdesivir without cardiac complications and those receiving Remdesivir with\n                    cardiovascular complications. After reviewing the patient\u02bcs medical records, the\n                    relationship of some factors with the incidence of adverse cardiovascular\n                    effects was measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Chi-square test showed that the distribution of complications in\n                    men was significantly higher than in women (P=0.001). The independent t-test\n                    revealed that the mean age in the group with complications was significantly\n                    higher than the group without complications (P=0.013). Fisher\u02bcs exact test\n                    demonstrated a significant relationship between smoking and cardiovascular\n                    complications (P=0.05). According to the Mann-Whitney test, a significant\n                    difference was found in the mean changes of Bilirubin (P=0.02) and ALKP (P=0.01)\n                    before and after treatment in the groups with and without heart\n                    complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Our findings indicated that most of the COVID-19 patients\n                    suffered from sinus bradycardia, and the distribution of complications was more\n                    pronounced in men than in women. The mean age in the group with complications\n                    was higher than the group without complications. Smoking was found to be\n                    associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and the mean\n                    changes of Bilirubin and ALKP before and after treatment were significantly\n                    different in the groups with and without cardiovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2332-3253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T23:29:25Z","timestamp":1720222165000},"page":"290-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Remdesivir-Related Cardiac Adverse Effects in COVID-19 Patients: A\n                    Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Fatemah","family":"Abedipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Zahedan\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research\n                    Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein Hadavand","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Zahedan\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical\n                    Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Ehsanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Rashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,\n                    Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Vahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,\n                    Zahedan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6822-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Rashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,\n                    Zahedan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of\n                    Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2429","article-title":"Remdesivir: Review of Pharmacology, Pre-clinical Data, and Emerging Clinical\n                    Experience for COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"SC J Jorgensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100128","article-title":"Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as\n                    therapeutic options for coronaviruses","volume":"9","author":"E S Amirian","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AC120.013056","article-title":"The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase\n                    from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"295","author":"C J Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00162","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00162-20","article-title":"Remdesivir against COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases","volume":"34","author":"J J Malin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","article-title":"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel\n                    coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro","volume":"30","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107940","article-title":"Remdesivir Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Human Lung Cells and Chimeric SARS-CoV\n                    Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase in Mice","volume":"32","author":"A J Pruijssers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16349","article-title":"Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients\n                    With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"324","author":"C D Spinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Final Report","volume":"383","author":"J H Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2023184","article-title":"Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial\n                    Results","volume":"384","author":"H Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015301","article-title":"Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"J D Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007016","article-title":"Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"J Grein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116846","article-title":"Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients","volume":"386","author":"R L Gottlieb","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4457","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4457","article-title":"Covid-19: What now for remdesivir?","volume":"371","author":"J Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.036","article-title":"Safety and heart rate changes in Covid-19 patients treated with Remdesivir","volume":"112","author":"N D Brunetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"e11132","article-title":"Cardiac adverse events with remdesivir in COVID-19 infection","volume":"12","author":"A K Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910993","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics","volume":"381","author":"S Mulangu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-021-09703-9","article-title":"Potential Cardiotoxic Effects of Remdesivir on Cardiovascular System: A\n                    Literature Review","volume":"22","author":"M Nabati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26898","article-title":"Potential remdesivir-related transient bradycardia in patients with coronavirus\n                    disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"93","author":"C Pallotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2020.08.025","article-title":"Marked sinus bradycardia associated with remdesivir in COVID-19: a case and\n                    literature review","volume":"2","author":"J C Gubitosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009811","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.009811","article-title":"Remdesivir-induced bradycardia in COVID-19: a single center prospective\n                    study","volume":"14","author":"E Attena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.02.013","article-title":"Serious bradycardia and remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): a new safety\n                    concerns","volume":"27","author":"A Touafchia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001519","article-title":"Remdesivir-Induced Bradycardia","volume":"116","author":"S G Kanagala","year":"2023","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104955","article-title":"Antiviral activity and safety of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in\n                    human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"184","author":"S W Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181e0f8b2","article-title":"The mechanism of the negative chronotropic and dromotropic actions of adenosine\n                    5\u02bc-triphosphate in the heart: an update","volume":"56","author":"A Pelleg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110885","article-title":"Rare adverse events in clinical trials: understanding the rule of three","volume":"23","author":"I J Onakpoya","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070611","article-title":"Cardiac Events Potentially Associated to Remdesivir: An Analysis from the\n                    European Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"14","author":"C Rafaniello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04888-x","article-title":"Activation of the urotensin-II receptor by remdesivir induces cardiomyocyte\n                    dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"A Ogawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106044","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1106044","article-title":"Incidence and potential risk factors for remdesivir-associated bradycardia in\n                    hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Y S Alsowaida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13168","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and safety outcomes associated with remdesivir using a\n                    World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database","volume":"15","author":"S Y Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2011.08.011","article-title":"Aging-associated cardiovascular changes and their relationship to heart\n                    failure","volume":"8","author":"J B Strait","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111673","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1111673","article-title":"Study title: A systematic review of RCTs to examine the risk of adverse\n                    cardiovascular events with nicotine use","volume":"10","author":"M M Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.60","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase: a novel treatment target for cardiovascular disease in\n                    CKD","volume":"13","author":"M Haarhaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102276","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102276","article-title":"Can serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and phosphate predict cardiovascular\n                    diseases and total mortality in individuals with preserved renal function? A\n                    systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"J-W Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"761520","article-title":"The Nonlinear Relationship Between Total Bilirubin and Coronary Heart Disease: A\n                    Dose-Response Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"C Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114066","article-title":"Cardiovascular events as a function of serum bilirubin levels in a large,\n                    statin-treated cohort","volume":"126","author":"L J Horsfall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23695","article-title":"What Every Intensivist should Know about Impairment of Cardiac Function and\n                    Arrhythmias in Liver Disease Patients: A Review","volume":"24","author":"S Arya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac544.871","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin combined are a powerful predictor of outcome\n                    in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the\n                    ATMOSPHERE and PARADIGM-HF trials","volume":"43","author":"C Adamson","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"}],"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2332-3253.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T12:32:09Z","timestamp":1730809929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2332-3253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2332-3253","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2194-9379"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2194-9387"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}