{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T05:28:36Z","timestamp":1730870916657,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the first description of Nelson syndrome 60 years ago, the way to consider\n                    corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) after bilateral\n                    adrenalectomy has evolved. Today, it is globally acknowledged that only a subset\n                    of corticotroph PitNETs is aggressive.<\/jats:p><jats:p>After adrenalectomy, corticotroph tumor progression (CTP) occurs in about 30 to\n                    40% of patients during a median follow-up of 10 years. When CTP occurs, various\n                    CTP speeds (CTPS) can be observed. Using simple metrics in patients with CTP,\n                    CTPS was reported to vary from a few millimeters to up to 40 mm per year. Rapid\n                    CTPS\/ Nelson\u2019s syndrome was associated with more severe Cushing\u2019s disease,\n                    higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the year following adrenalectomy,\n                    and higher Ki67 on pituitary pathology. Complications such as apoplexy,\n                    cavernous syndrome, and visual defects were associated with higher CTPS. During\n                    follow-up, early morning ACTH, absolute variations properly reflected CTPS.\n                    Finally, CTPS was not higher after than before adrenalectomy, suggesting that\n                    cortisol deprivation after adrenalectomy does not impact CTPS in a majority of\n                    patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Taken together, rapid CTPS\/ Nelson\u2019s syndrome probably reflects the intrinsic\n                    aggressiveness of some corticotroph PitNETs. The precise molecular mechanisms\n                    related to corticotroph PitNET aggressiveness remain to be deciphered. Regular\n                    MRIs combined with intermediate morning ACTH measurements probably provide a\n                    reliable way to detect early and manage fast-growing tumors and, therefore,\n                    limit the complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2359-8649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T23:07:00Z","timestamp":1720048020000},"page":"581-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Nelson\u2019s Syndrome to Corticotroph Tumor Progression Speed: An\n                    Update"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Bessi\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare\n                    Adrenal Disorders, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, F-75014 Paris,\n                    France"},{"name":"Department of Pathological Cytology and Anatomy, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital\n                    Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Bertagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare\n                    Adrenal Disorders, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Baussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital\n                    Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, F-75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Assi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare\n                    Adrenal Disorders, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, F-75014 Paris,\n                    France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0921","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing\u2019s disease: Predictive\n                    factors in a single-centre study","volume":"168","author":"K I Alexandraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R183","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0062","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: Can we cure Cushing\u2019s disease? A personal\n                    view","volume":"178","author":"X Bertagna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)90291-2","article-title":"Two essays on the practice of medicine","volume":"2","author":"R Platt","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0076","article-title":"Premature mortality in patients with Addison\u2019s disease: A population-based\n                    study","volume":"91","author":"R Bergthorsdottir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.02.054","article-title":"Bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory Cushing disease: A safe and definitive\n                    therapy","volume":"208","author":"P W Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1470","article-title":"Clinical review: Outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: A\n                    systematic review","volume":"98","author":"K Ritzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.06.017","article-title":"Impact and timing of bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory ACTH-dependent\n                    Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"154","author":"L F Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195807242590403","article-title":"ACTH-producing tumor of the pituitary gland","volume":"259","author":"D H Nelson","year":"1958","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Intracranial endoscopic explorations","volume":"71","author":"J Guiot","year":"1963","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"933","article-title":"Excision of pituitary adenomas by trans-sphenoidal approach","volume":"91","author":"J Hardy","year":"1962","journal-title":"Union Med Can"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.06.001","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"X Bertagna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893781","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/893781","article-title":"Diagnosis and multimodality management of Cushing\u2019s disease: A practical\n                    review","volume":"2013","author":"G Zada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349211","article-title":"A comparison of immunometric and radioimmunoassay measurement of ACTH for the\n                    differential diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"29","author":"J R Lindsay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704142961508","article-title":"Selective venous sampling to differentiate ectopic ACTH secretion from pituitary\n                    Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"296","author":"D F Corrigan","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5299","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030510","article-title":"Discriminatory value of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in\n                    establishing the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"88","author":"A M Isidori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3200","article-title":"Approach to the Cushing\u2019s disease patient with persistent\/recurrent\n                    hypercortisolism after pituitary surgery","volume":"98","author":"X Bertagna","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-1403-y","article-title":"The Nelson\u2019s syndrome... revisited","volume":"7","author":"G Assi\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","article-title":"\u00ab Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s Disease: A\n                    reappraisal of Nelson\u2019s syndrome","volume":"92","author":"G Assi\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0074","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy: Data from\n                    ERCUSYN","volume":"29","author":"E Valassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01158-z","article-title":"Prevalence of Nelson\u2019s syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with\n                    cushing\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"E Papakokkinou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0536","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression speed after adrenalectomy","volume":"187","author":"L Bessi\u00e8ne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0634","article-title":"Somatic USP8 mutations are frequent events in corticotroph tumor progression\n                    causing Nelson\u2019s tumor","volume":"178","author":"L G P\u00e9rez-Rivas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C5","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0004","article-title":"From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): An\n                    International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal","volume":"24","author":"S L Asa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs, 5th ed.","year":"2022","author":"S L Asa","key":"ref24"},{"volume-title":"Pituitary adenoma\/pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. In: WHO Classification of\n                    Tumours: Central Nervous System Tumours, 5th ed","year":"2021","author":"MB S Lopes","key":"ref25"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230021","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0021","article-title":"The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine\n                    tumours: A clinico-pathological appraisal","volume":"30","author":"C Villa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-022-01435-8","article-title":"Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization classification of\n                    head and neck tumors: Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of head and neck\n                    neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"16","author":"O Mete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to CNS tumours. In: WHO classification of tumours: Central nervous\n                    system tumours, 5th ed.","author":"D N Louis","key":"ref28"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0796","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the\n                    management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas","volume":"178","author":"G Raverot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0440","article-title":"Aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas, characteristics and management of\n                    171 patients","volume":"187","author":"P Burman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00550-w","article-title":"Aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas","volume":"17","author":"G Raverot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2031","article-title":"Clinical review: Pituitary carcinoma: Difficult diagnosis and treatment","volume":"96","author":"A P Heaney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1084-y","article-title":"A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: A\n                    multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative\n                    follow-up","volume":"126","author":"J Trouillas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00773","article-title":"Risk of recurrence in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: A prospective study using\n                    a five-tiered classification","volume":"102","author":"G Raverot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0812","article-title":"Real-life clinical impact of a five-tiered classification of pituitary\n                    tumors","volume":"187","author":"N Sahakian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0749","article-title":"Validation of a clinicopathological score for the prediction of post-surgical\n                    evolution of pituitary adenoma: Retrospective analysis on 566 patients from a\n                    tertiary care centre","volume":"180","author":"S Asioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4963","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0070","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical characteristics of adrenocorticotropin-secreting\n                    macroadenomas","volume":"90","author":"Y S Woo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026233927714","article-title":"Corticotroph carcinoma presenting as a silent corticotroph adenoma","volume":"6","author":"W E Farrell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E144","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182750850","article-title":"Silent or subclinical corticotroph pituitary macroadenoma transforming into\n                    Cushing disease: 11-year follow-up","volume":"72","author":"E Melcescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.13.5.463","article-title":"Transformation of a pituitary macroadenoma into to a corticotropin-secreting\n                    carcinoma over 16 years","volume":"13","author":"R L Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2134","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002134","article-title":"Cushing disease after treatment of nonfunctional pituitary adenoma: A case\n                    report and literature review","volume":"94","author":"H Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.011","article-title":"Long-term survival following transformation of an adrenocorticotropic hormone\n                    secreting pituitary macroadenoma to a silent corticotroph pituitary carcinoma:\n                    Case report","author":"L E Rotman","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12442","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics of Cushing\u2019s macroadenomas and\n                    their long-term treatment outcome","volume":"81","author":"H R Kakade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000800024","article-title":"Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"G Minniti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360303","article-title":"The long-term outcome of pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful\n                    transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"336","author":"J Estrada","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2772","article-title":"Long-term results of stereotactic radiosurgery in secretory pituitary\n                    adenomas","volume":"94","author":"F Castinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.6.980","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"J Jagannathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.02.023","article-title":"Endocrine remission after pituitary stereotactic radiosurgery: Differences in\n                    rates of response for matched cohorts of Cushing disease and acromegaly\n                    patients","volume":"101","author":"D M Trifiletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3628","article-title":"Ketoconazole in Cushing\u2019s disease: Is it worth a try?","volume":"99","author":"F Castinetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2616","article-title":"Effectiveness of metyrapone in treating Cushing\u2019s syndrome: A retrospective\n                    multicenter study in 195 patients","volume":"100","author":"E Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0358","article-title":"Efficiency and tolerance of mitotane in Cushing\u2019s disease in 76 patients from a\n                    single center","volume":"167","author":"C Baudry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01097-1","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression during long-term therapy with osilodrostat in a\n                    patient with persistent Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"C Fontaine-Sylvestre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166","article-title":"Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"M Reincke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0088","article-title":"Improved pasireotide response in USP8 mutant corticotroph tumours in vitro","volume":"29","author":"A Albani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102455","article-title":"P720R USP8 mutation is associated with a better responsiveness to pasireotide in\n                    ACTH-secreting PitNETs","volume":"14","author":"D Treppiedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01437-1","article-title":"TP53 mutations in functional corticotroph tumors are linked to invasion and\n                    worse clinical outcome","volume":"10","author":"L G Perez-Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa749","article-title":"Corticotroph aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas frequently harbor ATRX\n                    mutations","volume":"106","author":"O Casar-Borota","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00883-8","article-title":"Pituitary adenoma or neuroendocrine tumour: The need for an integrated\n                    prognostic classification","volume":"19","author":"KK Y Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00382-0","article-title":"A proposed clinical classification for pituitary neoplasms to guide therapy and\n                    prognosis","volume":"12","author":"KK Y Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. 4th ed","year":"2017","author":"R Lloyd","key":"ref60"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-014-0525-y","article-title":"Invasive adenoma and pituitary carcinoma: A SEER database analysis","volume":"37","author":"T M Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Pituitary carcinoma: A clinicopathological review","volume":"56","author":"B W Scheithauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.10.012","article-title":"Pituitary carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"C A Sansur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.16.4.8","article-title":"Pituitary carcinoma: A review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"B T Ragel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:12:3:329","article-title":"Corticotroph pituitary carcinoma: Case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"D J Holthouse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345482","article-title":"Progression of a Nelson\u2019s adenoma to pituitary carcinoma; a case report and\n                    review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"S A Kemink","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.2.0352","article-title":"Corticotroph carcinoma of the pituitary: A clinicopathological study. Report of\n                    four cases","volume":"96","author":"T A Gaffey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200304000-00007","article-title":"Silent corticotroph carcinoma of the adenohypophysis: A report of five\n                    cases","volume":"27","author":"F Roncaroli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0103-2","article-title":"Dexamethasone enhances programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression during T cell\n                    activation: An insight into the optimum application of glucocorticoids in\n                    anti-cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"K Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02052.x","article-title":"Profound amplification of secretory-burst mass and anomalous regularity of ACTH\n                    secretory process in patients with Nelson\u2019s syndrome compared with Cushing\u2019s\n                    disease","volume":"60","author":"M O Van Aken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","article-title":"The diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice\n                    Guideline","volume":"93","author":"L K Nieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(90)90002-S","article-title":"The effects of cortisol, 11-epicortisol, and lysine vasopressin on DNA and RNA\n                    synthesis in isolated human adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary\n                    tumor cells","volume":"55","author":"J Reseti\u0107","year":"1990","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687976","article-title":"Long-term culture of human corticotropin-secreting adenomas on extracellular\n                    matrix and evaluation of serum-free conditions. Morphological aspects","volume":"71","author":"M Westphal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2010.494318","article-title":"CRH and SRIF have opposite effects on the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway\n                    through PKA\/GSK-3\u03b2 in corticotroph pituitary cells","volume":"28","author":"MN K Khattak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-1-381","article-title":"Chronic administration of corticotropin-releasing factor increases pituitary\n                    corticotroph number","volume":"120","author":"B J Gertz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0080-4","article-title":"Malignant pituitary corticotroph adenomas: Report of two cases and a\n                    comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"A A Van der Klaauw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689910020","article-title":"Long-term results of total adrenalectomy for Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"S K Nagesser","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1088","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy (Nelson\u2019s\n                    syndrome): Systematic review and expert consensus recommendations","volume":"184","author":"M Reincke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-008-0123-5","article-title":"Inter- and intra-observer variability in detection and progression assessment\n                    with MRI of microadenoma in Cushing\u2019s disease patients followed up after\n                    bilateral adrenalectomy","volume":"11","author":"H Bahurel-Barrera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb03215.x","article-title":"Comparison of preoperative and postoperative ACTH concentrations after bilateral\n                    adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"A H Barnett","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.1.7829606","article-title":"The long-term outcome after adrenalectomy and prophylactic pituitary\n                    radiotherapy in adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"80","author":"P J Jenkins","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00046.x","article-title":"Nelson\u2019s syndrome: Incidence and prognosis","volume":"19","author":"A A Kasperlik-Za\u0142uska","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"224","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s disease treated by total adrenalectomy: Long-term observations of 43\n                    patients","volume":"52","author":"W F Kelly","year":"1983","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb01756.x","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotrophin plasma\n                    levels following bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"A C Moreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00578.x","article-title":"A study of patients with Nelson\u2019s syndrome","volume":"49","author":"A A Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.6.988","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery for adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary adenomas\n                    after bilateral adrenalectomy","volume":"106","author":"W J Mauermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0584-7","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for Cushing\u2019s disease and Nelson\u2019s syndrome","volume":"18","author":"J Marek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0382","article-title":"Cabergoline monotherapy in the long-term treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"163","author":"A Godbout","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0807","article-title":"Limited value of cabergoline in Cushing\u2019s disease: A prospective study of a\n                    6-week treatment in 20 patients","volume":"174","author":"P Burman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0662","article-title":"Cabergoline for Cushing\u2019s disease: A large retrospective multicenter study","volume":"176","author":"A Ferriere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343660","article-title":"Complete remission of Nelson\u2019s syndrome after 1-year treatment with\n                    cabergoline","volume":"22","author":"R Pivonello","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000082235","article-title":"Nelson\u2019s syndrome: Complete remission with cabergoline but not with\n                    bromocriptine or cyproheptadine treatment","volume":"62","author":"L A Casulari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-006-9290-4","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical stabilization of Nelson\u2019s syndrome with long-term\n                    low-dose cabergoline treatment","volume":"9","author":"I Shraga-Slutzky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1497","article-title":"Sustained improvements in plasma ACTH and clinical status in a patient with\n                    Nelson\u2019s syndrome treated with pasireotide LAR, a multireceptor somatostatin\n                    analog","volume":"98","author":"L Katznelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0853-3","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of Pasireotide in Nelson\u2019s syndrome","volume":"21","author":"E Daniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0557","article-title":"Treatment of Nelson\u2019s syndrome with temozolomide","volume":"160","author":"V J Moyes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900119","article-title":"Adrenalectomy for treatment of Cushing syndrome: Results in 122 patients and\n                    long-term follow-up studies","volume":"20","author":"T Imai","year":"1996","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.3.8077377","article-title":"Patient\u2019s age is a simple predictive factor for the development of Nelson\u2019s\n                    syndrome after total adrenalectomy for Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"79","author":"L Kemink","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1042","article-title":"Pituitary Apoplexy","volume":"36","author":"C Briet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2359-8649.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T14:38:03Z","timestamp":1730817483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2359-8649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2359-8649","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0947-7349"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-3646"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]}}}