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Consequently, infections represent a major clinical issue causing significant morbidity and mortality in these patients. Mechanistically, the immune dysfunction associated with CLD results from the increased translocation of bacteria and bacterial cues from the intestine. These trigger a signaling axis around the cytokines IFN\u00a0I and IL-10 in hepatic myeloid cells, which aside from impairing the function of the myeloid cells themselves, also has notable negative impacts on the functionality of other immune cells. T cells in CLD-patients and -models are especially affected by this signaling axis and display a variety of quantitative and qualitative defects. Due to the high clinical relevance, understanding the mechanisms underlaying CED-associated immune dysfunction is of critical importance to discover and develop new therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2365-3796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T18:47:24Z","timestamp":1736534844000},"page":"56-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Liver damage and immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0821-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl-Philipp","family":"Hackstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Immunologie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionspr\u00e4vention (ZIP), Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Freising, 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