{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:22:13Z","timestamp":1789402933697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Medical Enterprise Integration and Transformation Special Project","award":["SHDC2022CRD004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRD004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSFC62371300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC62371300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Military high-level scientific and technological innovation talent project","award":["[2020]NQ06128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2020]NQ06128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n            Background Colonoscopy is essential for diagnosing colorectal diseases but can cause pain during the procedure. This study explored the analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based on wrist-ankle acupuncture theory (TENS-WAA) in colonoscopy without anesthesia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods This prospective study included 120 participants undergoing colonoscopies without anesthesia. The trial group received low-frequency, high-intensity TENS-WAA adjusted to the maximum tolerable current, while the control group received minimal current. The primary outcome was the retrospective pain score on a visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included time, heart rate, and credibility\/expectancy questionnaire (CEQ) scores.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results Participants who received TENS-WAA reported significantly lower pain VAS scores than the control group (estimated median difference \u20131.1, 95%CI \u20132 to \u20130.4; P = 0.002). Male participants in the trial group experienced significantly lower pain scores than the control group (mean difference \u20131.4, 95%CI \u20132.41 to \u20130.39; P = 0.008). The trial group showed significantly less variation in heart rates (P&lt;0.001) and higher CEQ scores (P = 0.001) than the control group. No adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion TENS-WAA effectively reduced pain during colonoscopy without anesthesia, especially in male participants, providing a promising noninvasive analgesic method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2373-0513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T23:00:51Z","timestamp":1721948451000},"page":"158-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based on wrist-ankle acupuncture theory for pain relief during colonoscopy without anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"chictr2300076524","registry":"10.18810\/chictr"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9126-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"School of Sports and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 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