{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T01:04:37Z","timestamp":1760576677878,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n               Purpose Evaluation of changes in the ocular surfaces in children with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n               Methods Thirty-six children with a diagnosis of AD (Eye-AD group) and 40 healthy subjects (Eye-HS group) were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Schirmer tear test (STT), conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus area (TMA), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n               Results The participants were similar in terms of demographic characteristics, such as mean age and gender (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The mean T-BUT was 9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.22\u2009s (5\u200a\u2013\u200a16) in the Eye-AD group and 11.83\u2009\u00b1\u20092.03\u2009s (7\u200a\u2013\u200a16) in the Eye-HS group. The mean STT was 11.12\u2009\u00b1\u20093.28\u2009mm (5\u200a\u2013\u200a21) in the Eye-AD group and 15.44\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009mm (8\u200a\u2013\u200a20) in the Eye-HS group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). The mean OSDI scores were 13.12\u2009\u00b1\u20091.41 (10\u200a\u2013\u200a15) in the Eye-AD group and 13.97\u2009\u00b1\u20092.93 (8\u200a\u2013\u200a20) in the Eye-HS group (p\u2009=\u20090.052). Mean TMH and TMA were 306.48\u2009\u00b1\u20097.29\u2009\u00b5m and 0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.004\u2009mm2, respectively, in the Eye-AD group, and 312.94\u2009\u00b1\u20095.31\u2009\u00b5m and 0.027\u2009\u00b1\u20090.005\u2009mm2, respectively, in the Eye-HS group. In the CIC analyses, 22 of the samples in the Eye-AD group and 35 in the Eye-HS group had a classification of grade 0, 10 in the Eye-AD group and 5 in the Eye-HS group had a classification of grade 1, and 4 in the Eye-AD group and none in the Eye-HS group had a\n          classification of grade 2 (p\u2009=\u20090.015).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n               Conclusion Pediatric patients with AD may have significant changes in conjunctival histopathology. These changes can be manifested in the tests used to measure the tear film. Dry eye was shown to be present in the majority of children with AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2376-3114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T20:01:08Z","timestamp":1722369668000},"page":"1001-1007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conjunctival Histopathological Changes and Clinical Tear Film in Children with Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Alper Halil","family":"Bayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Besiktas, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5708-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gozde Aksoy","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adiyaman University, Traning and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6969-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adiyaman University, Traning and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haci Hasan","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bornova T\u00fcrkan \u00d6zilhan State Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcrkan","family":"Yardimci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilge Aydin","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emine \u00d6zkul","family":"Kilin\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S 1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1159\/000370220","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"66","author":"S Nutten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32477-6","article-title":"Atopic keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"97","author":"C S Foster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.102","article-title":"Screening for ocular complications in atopic dermatitis","volume":"147","author":"L Bercovitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.003","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and risk of selected ocular disease in adults with atopic dermatitis","volume":"77","author":"J P Thyssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.036","article-title":"Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: a review","volume":"70","author":"J J Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.01.035","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis and the risk of glaucoma and cataracts","volume":"64","author":"I M Haeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2097-2","article-title":"Children with dry eye type conditions may report less severe symptoms than adult patients","volume":"251","author":"S B Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940701486803","article-title":"Ocular surface disease index for the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome","volume":"15","author":"F Ozcura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.009","article-title":"Impression cytology of the ocular surface: a review","volume":"78","author":"M Calonge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210301300201","article-title":"Impression cytology on conjunctiva and cornea in dry eye patients establishes a correlation between squamous metaplasia and dry eye clinical severity","volume":"13","author":"J Murube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.1993.tb00113.x","article-title":"Impression cytology in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca","volume":"4","author":"M V de Rojas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"issue":"S 2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00200-9","article-title":"The pathology of dry eye","volume":"45","author":"C Baudouin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70301-4","article-title":"Impression cytology: recent advances and applications in dry eye disease","volume":"7","author":"E Lopin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Impression cytology in atopic dermatitis","volume":"105","author":"M Dogru","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.042","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment","volume":"115","author":"S J Ono","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000178741.14212.53","article-title":"Atopic ocular surface disease: implications on tear function and ocular surface mucins","volume":"24(8 Suppl.)","author":"M Dogru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.032","article-title":"The impact of the onset time of atopic keratoconjunctivitis on the tear function and ocular surface findings","volume":"141","author":"T Onguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report","volume":"15","author":"M DP Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013108","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.013108","article-title":"Tear-film breakup: The role of membrane-associated mucin polymers","volume":"103","author":"A Choudhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70213-6","article-title":"Structure and biological roles of mucin-type O-glycans at the ocular surface","volume":"8","author":"A Guzman-Aranguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32830edbcb","article-title":"Immune regulatory mechanisms in allergic conjunctivitis: insights from mouse models","volume":"8","author":"J Y Niederkorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689609008906","article-title":"Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye","volume":"15","author":"J C Mainstone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.01.004","article-title":"Reduced tear meniscus dynamics in dry eye patients with aqueous tear deficiency","volume":"149","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700177","article-title":"A comparative study to assess the clinical use of Fluorescein Meniscus Time (FMT) with Tear Break up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer\u02bcs tests (ST) in the diagnosis of dry eyes","volume":"16","author":"G U Kallarackal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200007000-00016","article-title":"Survey of preferred tests for diagnosis of the tear film and dry eye","volume":"19","author":"D R Korb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index","volume":"118","author":"R M Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2376-3114.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T22:47:16Z","timestamp":1760568436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2376-3114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2376-3114","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0023-2165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-3999"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}}}