{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:27:45Z","timestamp":1792132065194,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose\u2002 Sonography training has become an important part of university medicine courses. This study explores the impact of digital and analog teaching resources on learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and student preferences and motivation in a flipped classroom setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2002 This prospective controlled study involving two groups of third-year medical students included a voluntary three-day compact ultrasound course given in a flipped classroom, comprising 26 teaching units of 45 minutes each. Hardcopy lecture notes (control group) and E-learning (study group) were used as teaching resources. Evaluations were conducted before (pre) and during the preparation phase (intermediate), and after (post) the face-to-face course. Likert scale responses, written theory tests with very short answer questions (Theorypre, Theoryinter, Theorypost), and practical examinations (Practiceinter, Practicepost) were used for student self-assessment and to measure attitude, motivation, as well as theoretical and practical skills.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002 A total of N=236 complete data sets (study group n=136; control group n=100) were analyzed. Both groups showed an equivalent initial level of, and a continuous and significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in, subjective and objective skills over the evaluated time frame. The study group achieved significantly (p&lt;0.05) better results in Theoryinter, Theorypost, Practiceinter, and Practicepost. The study group evaluated their teaching resource and the training concept significantly (p&lt;0.05) better.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2002 The integration of digital resources into sonography education provides comparable learning outcomes to traditional analog materials, enhancing the preparatory phase. In the future, digitally supported training should be used more.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2389-9410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T11:46:05Z","timestamp":1728560765000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Insights Into Modern Undergraduate Ultrasound Education: Prospective Comparison of Digital and Analog Teaching Resources in a Flipped Classroom Concept \u2013 The DIvAN Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes M.","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Frey Teaching Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Recker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Frey Teaching Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Kuenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Ille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Frey Teaching Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Buggenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Frey Teaching Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"B\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterological Medical Group Offices, MED Specialist Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Michael","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidleberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Frey Teaching Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandenburg Insitute for Clinical Ultrasound, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane Ruppin Clinics, Neuruppin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dionysopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Hospital of the German Armed Forces Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kloeckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein L\u00fcbeck Campus, Lubeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Weinmann-Menke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-3757","article-title":"History of Ultrasound in Medicine from its birth to date (2022), on occasion of the 50 Years Anniversary of EFSUMB. 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