{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T05:26:41Z","timestamp":1741325201817,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction As tobacco smoking decreases, the use of e-cigarettes is on\n                    the rise. There is a debate whether switching from smoking to the use of\n                    e-cigarettes might represent a harm reduction strategy for those who smoke\n                    tobacco heavily, a habit often observed in individuals with opioid dependence.\n                    The present study investigated the prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking\n                    and e-cigarette use in patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and\n                    whether e-cigarette use contributed to the cessation of smoking tobacco.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods In 2014 (n=84) and in 2021 (n=128), patients from two OMT clinics\n                    of a psychiatric university hospital were interviewed<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results In both surveys, patients presented with a comparable average age\n                    (45.6 vs. 46.9 years of age), gender distribution (mainly male 71.4 vs. 75.8%),\n                    and length of OMT history (median: 66 vs. 55 months). The lifetime prevalence of\n                    e-cigarette use (45.2% in 2014 and 38.3% in 2021) was much higher than the\n                    current prevalence (4.9% and 7.8%, respectively). Few patients reported either a\n                    complete switch from smoking to the use of e-cigarettes (2014, n=1 vs. 2021,\n                    n=2) or the achievement of abstinence from smoking after a temporary use of\n                    e-cigarettes (2014, n=2 vs. 2021, n=1).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Discussion No increase in the use of e-cigarettes was observed in these\n                    groups of patients undergoing OMT. Presumably, harm reduction strategies\n                    relating to the use of e-cigarettes in this group need to be supported by\n                    motivational interventions. Given the high morbidity and mortality due to\n                    smoking, OMT clinics should offer professional help in reducing smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2414-5867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:27:29Z","timestamp":1730334449000},"page":"88-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of E-Cigarette Use in Opioid-Dependent Patients in\n                    Maintenance Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Rabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannesbad Kliniken Fredeburg GmbH, Schmallenberg,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Specka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine,\n                    Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the\n                    University of Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Irt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Schifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire, Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel\n                    Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Scherbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and\n                    Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"CD005992","article-title":"Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure,\n                    smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption","volume":"2","author":"K 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