{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:41:04Z","timestamp":1768704064866,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a class of drugs that interfere with protein\n                    kinases\u02bc signal transduction pathways through an array of inhibitory mechanisms.\n                    Tyrosine kinases (TK) have an inevitable role in downstream signal transduction\n                    and the proliferation of tumour cells. Hence, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)\n                    are frequently employed as anti-neoplastic agents in the treatment of colon,\n                    breast, kidney, and lung cancers. They can be used as single or combination\n                    therapy with other targeted therapies. It is understood that TKIs pose a risk of\n                    developing proteinuria in some patients as it can primarily result in\n                    dysfunction of the split diaphragm, constriction or blockage of capillary lumens\n                    mediated by the basement membrane, acute interstitial nephritis, or acute\n                    tubular necrosis. This paper reviews the mechanism of action of TKIs, the\n                    pathophysiological mechanism of TKI-induced proteinuria, and its management\n                        Fig. 1\n        <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2423-3533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T23:38:42Z","timestamp":1729035522000},"page":"5-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Induced Proteinuria \u2013 A\n                    Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"J S.","family":"Gayathri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita\n                    Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi,\n                    India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Swathi","family":"Krishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita\n                    Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi,\n                    India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Health Science Campus, Amrita\n                    Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra044389","article-title":"Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy","volume":"353","author":"D S Krause","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20082234","article-title":"Dual-specificity phosphatases: critical regulators with diverse cellular\n                    targets","volume":"418","author":"K I Patterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem 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