{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:52:00Z","timestamp":1784573520257,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral temporal bone encephaloceles incidence is increasing with obesity rates. Middle fossa (MF) craniotomy, transmastoid (TM), or combined MF\u2009+\u2009TM access can be used for repair.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Retrospective review of MF or MF\u2009+\u2009TM repair with an intradural graft. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Pre\/postoperative audiometric results were included. Postoperative complications were reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 49 patients (50 repairs) were included. In addition, 74% were women (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Ten patients had a history of chronic otitis media and surgery. Average BMI was 35.8, and average age was 59. Furthermore, 54% had multiple skull base defects; 18 (36%) patients had a MF approach. In total, 32 (64%) patients had a MF\u2009+\u2009TM approach for repair; 13 (40.1%) of these patients had a concurrent tympanoplasty. Hearing improved for 74%. Air conduction pure-tone average improved by an average of 5\u2009dB (p 0.27). No differences in hearing outcomes were observed between the MF and MF\u2009+\u2009TM groups. Two patients (6%) had hearing decline. Eight complications were reported (1 (2%) skin infection, 4 (8%) recurrent\/persistent cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leaks requiring lumbar drain or shunt, and 3 (6%) episodes of aphasia or mental status change). Age &gt;65 years was not associated with risk of postoperative complication.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Intradural repair of encephalocele and CSF leak is a safe and effective surgical approach. Intradural reinforcement along the entire MF floor is beneficial for multiple areas of dehiscence and thin dura. Complication rates including recurrent\/persistent CSF leak and aphasia related to temporal lobe retraction were similar to previously published reports and not associated with older patient age. Hearing was stable or improved in 94% with no difference noted between MF and MF\u2009+\u2009TM repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2430-0273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T20:06:53Z","timestamp":1727813213000},"page":"515-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intradural Repair of Temporal Bone Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Results from a Single Institution"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Ellsperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"House Ear Institute, Otology\/Neurotology Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"D'Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"House Ear Institute, Otology\/Neurotology Los Angeles, California, United States"},{"name":"Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, North Carolina, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mercy Hospital Springfield Area, Springfield, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"House Ear Institute, Otology\/Neurotology Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Slattery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"House Ear Institute, Otology\/Neurotology Los Angeles, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Lekovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, California, United 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