{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T23:00:24Z","timestamp":1776898824725,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["NIH\/NICHD R01 HD072071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NICHD R01 HD072071"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["NIH\/NICHD K23 HD097254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NICHD K23 HD097254"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Much attention has been paid to measuring physiological episodes of bradycardia\u2013oxygen desaturation (BDs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU patients also have spells of tachycardia\u2013desaturation (TDs), but these have not been well-characterized. We hypothesized that TDs would be more common among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We aimed to quantify daily TDs compared to BDs in NICU patients across a range of gestational and postmenstrual ages (GA and PMA) and determine whether TDs are associated with BPD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We analyzed every 2-second heart rate (HR) and peripheral saturation of oxygen (SpO2) throughout the NICU stay of all infants with 24 to 39 weeks GA admitted to a single, level IV NICU from 2012 to 2015. BDs were defined in our prior work (HR &lt;100\u2009bpm for \u22654\u2009seconds with concurrent SpO2 &lt;80% for \u226510\u2009seconds) and TDs as a 20% increase in HR from the previous 2-hour mean baseline and concurrent SpO2 &lt;80% for \u226510\u2009seconds. We calculated the median daily BDs and TDs across a range of GAs and PMAs. For infants \u226432 weeks GA, we compared TDs for those with and without BPD at 36 weeks PMA and discharge on supplemental oxygen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We analyzed 782,424\u2009hours of HR and SpO2 data from 1,718 neonates, with a median of 271\u2009hours analyzed per infant. TDs frequency increased with increasing PMA across all GAs. BDs occurred most frequently in infants &lt;29 weeks GA and decreased as infants approached term equivalent age. For infants with \u226432 weeks GA, one or more TD per day from 33 to 35 weeks PMA was associated with BPD and home oxygen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Episodes of TD at the thresholds defined in this analysis occurred more frequently at later PMA and were more common in infants with BPD and those requiring home oxygen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2437-0461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1728560642000},"page":"868-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tachycardia\u2013Desaturation Episodes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients with and without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"V Peter","family":"Nagraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signature Science, Charlottesville, Virginia"},{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9580-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brynne A.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.43","article-title":"Clinical associations of immature breathing in preterm infants: part 1-central apnea","volume":"80","author":"K Fairchild","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.01.057","article-title":"Patterns of oxygenation, mortality, and growth status in the surfactant positive pressure and oxygen trial cohort","volume":"186","author":"J M Di Fiore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-1971OC","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory monitoring data to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants","volume":"208","author":"N Ambalavanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0488-3","article-title":"Recovery from bradycardia and desaturation events at 32 weeks corrected age and NICU length of stay: an indicator of physiologic resilience?","volume":"86","author":"V P Nagraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8841","article-title":"Association between intermittent hypoxemia or bradycardia and late death or disability in extremely preterm infants","volume":"314","author":"C F Poets","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0253-z","article-title":"Neonatal intermittent hypoxemia events are associated with diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age","volume":"85","author":"T M Raffay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713405","article-title":"Central apnea of prematurity: does sex matter?","volume":"38","author":"V P Nagraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0223-5","article-title":"Oxygen desaturations in the early neonatal period predict development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"85","author":"K D Fairchild","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"163","author":"A H Jobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201504-218OC","article-title":"Comparisons and limitations of current definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia for the prematurity and respiratory outcomes program","volume":"12","author":"B B Poindexter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80349-X","article-title":"Obstructive, mixed, and central apnea in the neonate: physiologic correlates","volume":"121","author":"N N Finer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.10.022","article-title":"Heart rate surge at respiratory event termination in preterm and term born children with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"101","author":"L M Walter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep 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Dormishian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-16162","article-title":"Alarms, oxygen saturations, and SpO2 averaging time in the NICU","volume":"9","author":"C McClure","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of 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