{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:41:15Z","timestamp":1784587275846,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to analyze trends in gabapentin use in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and examine demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and concomitant medications associated with its use.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cohort study of 987,181 infants hospitalized in the NICU from 2005 to 2020.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Eighty-five infants (&lt;0.01%) received gabapentin. From 2009 to 2020, there was a 1,055% relative increase in gabapentin use (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The median birth weight was 2,160\u2009g (25th, 75th percentiles: 875, 3,080\u2009g) in gabapentin-exposed infants compared with 2,498\u2009g (1,890, 3,210\u2009g) in unexposed infants (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Over half (55%) of infants receiving gabapentin were born prematurely, 54% (n\u2009=\u200945) had chronic lung disease, 46% (n\u2009=\u200939) had gastrostomy tubes, and 34% (n\u2009=\u200929) had drug withdrawal syndrome; 49% (n\u2009=\u200942) and 27% (n\u2009=\u200923) received opioids and benzodiazepines, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Use of gabapentin was rare but increased over time despite limited research on its safety and efficacy in infants, illuminating the need for further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2451-9925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T03:33:37Z","timestamp":1732592017000},"page":"1017-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends in Gabapentin Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units from 2005 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Annette G.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Kilpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey D.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athziry J","family":"Espinoza Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bubacarr","family":"Jallow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison F.","family":"Monteith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rumsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reese H.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanecia","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Daniel K.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel G.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14324","article-title":"Gabapentin for pain, movement disorders, and irritability in neonates and infants","volume":"62","author":"J C Burnsed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0003-2409.2001.02399.x","article-title":"Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management","volume":"57","author":"M A Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Gabapentin","author":"R Yasaei","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.012","article-title":"Gabapentin use for hospitalized neonates","volume":"97","author":"H H Abdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1178221818801311","article-title":"Gabapentin for off-label use: evidence-based or cause for Concern?","volume":"12","author":"A M Peckham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","first-page":"266","article-title":"Gabapentin use in a managed medicaid population","volume":"8","author":"A M Hamer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","first-page":"59","article-title":"Gabapentin improves oral feeding in neurologically intact infants with abdominal disorders","volume":"23","author":"K L O'Mara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"X17693123","article-title":"Visceral hyperalgesia: when to consider gabapentin use in neonates-case study and review","volume":"4","author":"J Asaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Neurol Open"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.482","article-title":"Treatment of pain with gabapentin in a neonate","volume":"108","author":"M O Behm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"X15591565","article-title":"Retrospective study of gabapentin for poor oral feeding in infants with congenital heart disease","volume":"2","author":"A S Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.07.014","article-title":"Managing procedural pain in the neonate using an opioid-sparing approach","volume":"41","author":"A Squillaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","first-page":"207","article-title":"The use of gabapentin for pain and agitation in neonates and infants in a neonatal ICU","volume":"22","author":"G L Sacha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.01.016","article-title":"The Pediatrix BabySteps Data Warehouse and the Pediatrix QualitySteps improvement project system\u2013tools for \u201cmeaningful use\u201d in continuous quality improvement","volume":"37","author":"A R Spitzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.04.053","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of surfactant preparations in premature infants","volume":"163","author":"A Trembath","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","article-title":"Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm","volume":"92","author":"L A Papile","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e452","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.20-8-e452","article-title":"Reducing germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage: perinatal and delivery room factors","volume":"20","author":"J Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70413-2","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: the search for a unifying pathogenic theory leading to prevention","volume":"43","author":"J Neu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000309","article-title":"Infants in drug withdrawal: a national description of nurse workload, infant acuity, and parental needs","volume":"32","author":"J G Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.013","article-title":"Gabapentin use in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"169","author":"L Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2012.0103","article-title":"Treatment with gabapentin associated with resolution of apnea in two infants with neurologic impairment","volume":"16","author":"J Hauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","first-page":"409","article-title":"Gabapentin. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in epilepsy","volume":"46","author":"K L Goa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.142","article-title":"The impact of gabapentin administration on brain GABA and glutamate concentrations: a 7T 1H-MRS study","volume":"37","author":"K Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16953","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to newer antiseizure medications: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"R Knight","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.8.997","article-title":"Gabapentin therapy for pain and irritability in a neurologically impaired infant","volume":"29","author":"A L Haney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03396.x","article-title":"Gabapentin as part of multimodal analgesia in a newborn with epidermolysis bullosa","volume":"20","author":"K Allegaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2451-9925.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T22:36:14Z","timestamp":1747694174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2451-9925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2451-9925","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]}}}