{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:29:24Z","timestamp":1782833364384,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction This study aimed to examine the correlation between the\n                    growth response in prepubertal children with idiopathic growth hormone (GH)\n                    deficiency after 1 year of treatment with GH to the initial clinical and\n                    biochemical parameters. Additionally, the secretion dynamics of GH was also\n                    studied by analyzing the GH stimulation test profiles in relation to the GH\n                    treatment response.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods This retrospective study included 84 prepubertal children (47\n                    males and 37 females) with a definitive diagnosis of GH deficiency. The GH\n                    secretory indexes GHmax, GH secretion rate, and GH secretion volume\n                    were analyzed in relation to the response to recombinant human growth hormone\n                    (rhGH) treatment as defined by the index of responsiveness (IoR). Correlation\n                    and regression models were used to identify the best clinical and biochemical\n                    predictors to rhGH treatment. ResultsIoR was negatively correlated with the age\n                    (r=\u20130.607, p&lt;0.01) and positively with the distance of child\u2019s height from\n                    its midparental height (MPH) r=0.466 (p&lt;0.01) and pretreatment growth\n                    velocity (r=0.247, p&lt;0.05). GH secretory indexes were correlated, and the\n                    highest association was observed between GHmax and GH secretion\n                    volume (r=0.883, p&lt;0.01). Among the GH secretory indexes, GHmax\n                    was the best predictor of IoR (\u03b2 coef. = \u20130.514, p&lt;0.001) followed by the GH\n                    secretion volume (\u03b2 coef. = \u20130.47, p&lt;0.001) and GH secretion rate (\u03b2 coef. =\n                    \u20130.367 p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions The age and the distance of child\u2019s height from its MPH are\n                    major predictors of GH treatment response in children with idiopathic GH\n                    deficiency. The calculation of the other GH secretory indexes GHSR and GHSV are\n                    not better predictors of response to GH than GHmax. The combination\n                    of clinical and biochemical indexes may improve the pretreatment assessment of\n                    response to rhGH treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2452-9518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T23:35:50Z","timestamp":1737070550000},"page":"34-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Growth Hormone Treatment Response: Associated Factors and Stimulated\n                    Growth Hormone Secretion Indices in Prepubertal Children with Idiopathic GH\n                    Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9730-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Giannakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology,\n                    Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Kallimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology,\n                    Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Efthymiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology,\n                    Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionisios","family":"Chrysis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology,\n                    Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1159\/000499915","article-title":"Towards a rational and efficient diagnostic approach in children referred for\n                    growth failure to the general paediatrician","volume":"91","author":"J M Wit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EJE-21","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-0475","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor ternary complex components as biomarkers for the\n                    diagnosis of short stature","author":"A Giannakopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-5-1127","article-title":"Reproducibility of growth hormone testing procedures: A comparison between\n                    24-hour integrated concentration and pharmacological stimulation","volume":"71","author":"Z Zadik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.9.8784091","article-title":"Reliability of provocative tests to assess growth hormone secretory status","volume":"81","author":"E Ghigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Study in 472 normally growing children. J Clin Endocrinol\n                    Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000064660","article-title":"Factors influencing the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing\n                    hormone in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency","volume":"58","author":"C Groisne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.2.8045974","article-title":"The effects of estrogen priming and puberty on the growth hormone response to\n                    standardized treadmill exercise and arginine-insulin in normal girls and\n                    boys","volume":"79","author":"G Marin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90025-r","article-title":"Age-related decrease in plasma growth hormone: Response to growth\n                    hormone-releasing hormone, arginine, and l-dopa in obesity","volume":"40","author":"K Tanaka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1390591","article-title":"Circulating leptin level and growth hormone response to stimulation tests in\n                    obese and normal children","volume":"139","author":"R Coutant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000347121","article-title":"Towards optimal treatment with growth hormone in short children and adolescents:\n                    Evidence and theses","volume":"79","author":"M B Ranke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-013-0030-4","article-title":"Implications of a data-driven approach to treatment with growth hormone in\n                    children with growth hormone deficiency and turner syndrome","volume":"11","author":"S Kaspers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Heal Econ Heal Polic"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2008.08.001","article-title":"Predicting growth in response to growth hormone treatment","volume":"19","author":"M B Ranke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1440013","article-title":"A new and accurate prediction model for growth response to growth hormone\n                    treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"144","author":"E Sch\u00f6nau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200010000-00010","article-title":"Validated multivariate models predicting the growth response to GH treatment in\n                    individual short children with a broad range in GH secretion capacities","volume":"48","author":"K A Wikland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1471","article-title":"Observed and predicted growth responses in prepubertal children with growth\n                    disorders: Guidance of growth hormone treatment by empirical variables","volume":"95","author":"M B Ranke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0120","article-title":"Individualised growth response optimisation (iGRO) tool: An accessible and\n                    easy-to-use growth prediction system to enable treatment optimisation for\n                    children treated with growth hormone","volume":"30","author":"J Loftus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Construction of LMS parameters for the Centers for Disease Control and\n                    Prevention 2000 growth charts","volume":"63","author":"K M Flegal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Heal Stat Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3059","article-title":"Reference intervals for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) from birth to\n                    senescence: Results from a multicenter study using a new automated\n                    chemiluminescence IGF-I immunoassay conforming to recent international\n                    recommendations","volume":"99","author":"M Bidlingmaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3060","article-title":"Age- and sex-specific reference intervals across life span for insulin-like\n                    growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and the IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratio\n                    measured by new automated chemiluminescence assays","volume":"99","author":"N Friedrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02057-x","article-title":"Growth hormone therapy in children: Predictive factors and short-term and\n                    long-term response criteria","volume":"66","author":"G Pozzobon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2406-3","article-title":"Diagnostic value of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in growth hormone deficiency: A\n                    systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Y Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584906","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.584906","article-title":"Discordance between stimulated and spontaneous growth hormone levels in short\n                    children is dependent on cut-off level and partly explained by\n                    refractoriness","volume":"11","author":"O Lennartsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-4-932","article-title":"Assessment of growth hormone secretion in normal stature children using 24-hour\n                    integrated concentration of GH and pharmacological stimulation","volume":"71","author":"Z Zadik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1159\/000513393","article-title":"Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children: The efficacy of glucagon\n                    versus clonidine stimulation test","volume":"93","author":"M Yackobovitch-Gavan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-2-428","article-title":"Spontaneous growth hormone secretion increases during puberty in normal girls\n                    and boys*","volume":"73","author":"S R Rose","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0824-6","article-title":"Evaluation of growth hormone response to GHRH plus arginine test in children\n                    with idiopathic short stature: Role of peak time","volume":"41","author":"M Castagno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01808-4","article-title":"Isolated childhood growth hormone deficiency: A 30-year experience on final\n                    height and a new prediction model","volume":"45","author":"A Lonero","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.043406","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) provocation tests and the response to GH treatment in GH\n                    deficiency","volume":"89","author":"T J Cole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-17-0277","article-title":"Pre-treatment growth and IGF-I deficiency as main predictors of response to\n                    growth hormone therapy in neural models","volume":"7","author":"U Smyczy\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2452-9518.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T23:36:31Z","timestamp":1737070591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2452-9518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2452-9518","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}