{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T04:12:42Z","timestamp":1746245562282,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and\n                        Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2501600,2021YFC2501603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2501600,2021YFC2501603"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020732","name":"Innovative Research Team of High-level\n                        Local University in Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["91857205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91857205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines the energy expenditure and physiological responses associated\n                    with short-term quadrupedal locomotion compared to bipedal walking in humans. It\n                    aims to support evolutionary theory and explore quadrupedal locomotion\u02bcs\n                    potential for enhancing fitness and health. In a randomized crossover design, 12\n                    participants performed quadrupedal and bipedal walking on a treadmill at\n                    identical speeds. Physiological responses, including energy expenditure,\n                    carbohydrate oxidation rates, respiratory rate, and heart rate, were measured\n                    during both forms of locomotion. Quadrupedal walking significantly increased\n                    total energy expenditure by 4.15 Kcal\/min [95% CI, 3.11\u2009\u2013\u20095.19 Kcal\/min], due to\n                    a rise in carbohydrate oxidation of 1.70 g\/min [95% CI, 1.02\u2009\u2013\u20092.24 g\/min]. It\n                    also increased respiratory and heart rates, indicating higher metabolic demands.\n                    The exercise mainly activated upper limb muscles and the gluteus maximus in the\n                    lower limbs. Ten minutes of quadrupedal walking at the same speed as bipedal\n                    walking resulted in a 254.48% increase in energy consumption. This simple form\n                    of locomotion offers a strategy for enhancing physical activity, and supports\n                    the idea that energy optimization influenced the evolution of efficient bipedal\n                    locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2466-4808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:18:37Z","timestamp":1731457117000},"page":"344-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reevaluating the energy cost in locomotion: quadrupedal vs. bipedal\n                    walking in humans"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"chictr2300069947","registry":"10.18810\/chictr"}],"author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riqiang","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"National Research Center for Translational Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"National Research Center for Translational Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yashu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Shanghai,\n                    China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai\n                    Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai\n                    Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Shanghai,\n                    China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic\n                    Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National\n                    Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational\n                    Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,\n                    Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21802","article-title":"Use it or lose it? 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Luciano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.09.001","article-title":"The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins","volume":"56","author":"H Pontzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2018.09.006","article-title":"Step width and frontal plane trunk motion in bipedal chimpanzee and human\n                    walking","volume":"125","author":"N E Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1989.69.4.1199","article-title":"Optimization and gaits in the locomotion of vertebrates","volume":"69","author":"R M Alexander","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiol 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Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2012.06.004","article-title":"The energetics and mechanics of level and gradient skipping: Preliminary results\n                    for a potential gait of choice in low gravity environments","volume":"74","author":"A E Minetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planet Space Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0209925","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209925","article-title":"Validity, reliability and minimum detectable change of COSMED K5 portable gas\n                    exchange system in breath-by-breath mode","volume":"13","author":"L Guidetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.991764","article-title":"A new muscle co-activation index for biomechanical load evaluation in work\n                    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