{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:34:02Z","timestamp":1740126842059,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Introduction\u2003Interferential current (IFC) has been studied in several clinical trials for the treatment of bowel motility disorders, most often in children. However, only moderate effects are reported, and in contrast to IFC, the so-called placebo application is indiscernible. The mechanisms and neuroanatomic points of action remain elusive. Therefore, this therapy remains being questioned.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods\u2003To gain objective experimental data about IFC stimulation, we examined this method ex vivo in an isolated perfused porcine rectum including the mesorectum. To elucidate the role of plexus nerve fibers and enteric ganglia, we performed IFC stimulation also in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or hexamethonium (HXN). We applied the commonly used stimulation modes with a beat frequency sweeping between 5 and 25\u2009Hz (IFCd5\u201325) and 80 and 150\u2009Hz (IFCd80\u2013150). We monitored intraluminal pressure and motility by online barometry and video recording, respectively. Motor activity, reflected by changes in the intraluminal pressure (cm H2O\u00b7s\u22121) and longitudinal movements (pixels\u00b7s\u22121), was quantified over time as root mean squares (RMSs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003After IFCd5\u201325, we observed a 30% increase in the rectal motility in the pressure changes which was sustained over 30\u2009minutes post-stimulation (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.02); only a minor effect was detected for IFCd80\u2013150. Both TTX and HTX abolished the stimulation. This suggests neuronal modulation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003IFCd5\u201325 stimulates rectal motor activity in the isolated perfused porcine rectum. Ganglia in the enteric nervous system are modulated to allow increased activity for at least 30\u2009minutes. Therefore, the isolated porcine rectum is a suitable tool to study the effectiveness of various IFC settings in the rectum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2482-5997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:17:47Z","timestamp":1732594667000},"page":"060-070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interferential Current Stimulation Enhances Rectal Motor Activity: Insights from an Isolated Perfused Porcine Model"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center vor Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Boettcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"},{"name":"Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Klinke Petrowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas Andres","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irmgard","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Magerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center vor Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine 3 Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany"},{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010108","article-title":"Idiopathic slow transit constipation: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"60","author":"L J Vlismas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14618","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14618","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders","volume":"35","author":"G 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