{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T23:40:09Z","timestamp":1758757209405,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurately matching the correct fascicles in a ruptured mixed nerve is critical for functional recovery. This study investigates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to differentiate motor and sensory fascicles in a mixed nerve.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In all 40 rats, the median nerve in the left upper arm was evenly split into three segments. The rats were separated into two groups. In Group A (20 rats), the segment with the highest amplitude during TMS was selected as the motor neurotizer and transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve. In Group B (20 rats), only the medial one-third segment was selected and transferred without using TMS. The results were compared using grooming tests, nerve electrophysiological studies, muscle tetanus contraction force measurements, muscle weight, and axon counts at 16 weeks.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The grooming test showed that Group A performed significantly better than Group B at 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Tetanic muscle contraction force measurements also revealed that Group A had significantly better outcomes than Group B. However, electrophysiological testing, muscle weight, and axon counts showed no significant differences between the two groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study suggests that TMS can be used to distinguish motor fascicles from sensory fascicles in a mixed nerve. It is desirable to apply this technique intraoperatively to differentiate motor and sensory fascicles for appropriate nerve matching and to select the motor fascicles as a motor neurotizer for functioning free muscle innervation in human mixed nerve injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2483-5556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T19:04:38Z","timestamp":1736276678000},"page":"649-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Transcranial Magnetic Nerve Stimulation to Differentiate Motor and Sensory Fascicles in a Mixed Nerve: Experimental Rat Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kota","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Chwei-Chin","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31815e6370","article-title":"The incidence of peripheral nerve injury in extremity trauma","volume":"87","author":"C A Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944720963895","article-title":"Incidence of nerve injury after extremity trauma in the United States","volume":"17","author":"W M Padovano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries: repair and reconstruction","author":"J M Winograd","year":"2006","edition":"2nd ed. 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