{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:27Z","timestamp":1787004867433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with flat response in the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with up to 5 years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of women with documented OGTT during pregnancy and T2DM data up to 5 years after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done by a two-step strategy. Glucose levels during pregnancy were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and cross-tabulated with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Flat OGTT was defined as fasting glucose &lt;95\u2009mg\/dL and three postprandial values lower than 100\u2009mg\/dL. The cohort was stratified by OGTT results to normal glucose values, flat OGTT, and GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan thresholds. Cumulative risk for T2DM was evaluated and compared between groups. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis followed by survival analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 14,122 parturients entered the analysis. Of them, 965 (6.8%) had flat OGTT, 11,427 (80.9%) had normal OGTT, and 1,730 (12.3%) had GDM. Women with flat OGTT were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI; kg\/m2), and had lower rates of hypertension. Their glucose values throughout pregnancy were lower compared with the other groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all). During the study period and following adjustment to maternal age, obesity, and hypertension, women with flat OGTT had a low incidence of T2DM, even when compared with women with normal OGTT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.212, 95% confidence interval 0.052\u20130.856).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Parturients with flat OGTT during pregnancy are at a low risk of developing T2DM up to 5 years following pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2490-3183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T19:37:23Z","timestamp":1732822643000},"page":"1311-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Flat Oral Glucose Tolerance Test during Pregnancy and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Danit","family":"Tarashandegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5560-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Naeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mordechai","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"},{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoel","family":"Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Israel"},{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinat","family":"Gabbay-Benziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"},{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Maor-Sagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"},{"name":"Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"07","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1988","article-title":"Adolescent obesity and early-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"G Twig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-23","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes\u2013a systematic review of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria","volume":"12","author":"E M Wendland","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002501","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"131","author":"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1790","article-title":"The hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome study: associations of GDM and obesity with pregnancy outcomes","volume":"35","author":"P M Catalano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2150-4","article-title":"Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria","volume":"54","author":"E P O'Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S102117","article-title":"Hyperglycemia in pregnancy: prevalence, impact, and management challenges","volume":"8","author":"D Farrar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-S005","article-title":"2. 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