{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:29:25Z","timestamp":1787761765512,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"NIH-University of Cincinnati Medical Student Summer Research Program","award":["T35DK060444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35DK060444"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is pervasive and can lead to severe health consequences. In the United States, 25% of women have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and\/or stalking by an intimate partner. However, less is known about the frequency and risk factors for IPV in the obstetric population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Nested case\u2013control study from a prospective cohort study of 606 parturients at a single academic medical center from 2011 to 2022. Structured questionnaires were administered to randomly chosen, consented patients during their postpartum hospital stay to gather information on social determinants of health (SDoH) and birth outcomes. The case group included participants who reported forced sex causing pregnancy, verbal abuse before or during pregnancy, or physical abuse during pregnancy. The control group reported none of these. Odds ratios were used to quantify the relationship between IPV and maternal sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy factors, and levels of perceived support and discrimination.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Of 606 study participants, 568 (94%) provided data on IPV. Of those, 20.4% reported IPV (case) and 80.6% reported no IPV (control). In total, 74.6% of the study population was enrolled prepandemic. Unmarried status, low income, food insecurity, housing insecurity, substance use during pregnancy, higher gravidity, unintended pregnancy, low social support, and racial and gender discrimination were all significantly associated with IPV; maternal race and pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic were not.<\/jats:p><jats:p>IPV is common, reported by one in five parturients in our population. Although maternal race was not associated with IPV in this perinatal cohort, experiencing racism was. Initiatives aimed to address SDoH such as substance use, family planning, and access to food and housing remain key opportunities to support pregnant patients experiencing IPV. The connection between perceived discrimination and IPV found here highlights the importance of addressing the influence of racism and gender-based discrimination on adverse birth outcomes in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2491-4269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:36:50Z","timestamp":1732927010000},"page":"1325-1332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Social Determinants of Health Associated with Intimate Partner Violence in an Urban Obstetric Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0709-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina R.","family":"Kuhrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"DeFranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13928","article-title":"Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the risk for adverse infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"B M Donovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4872","article-title":"Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"24","author":"J L Alhusen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100542","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and trauma-informed care in pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"K A Drexler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00034","article-title":"Risk factors for domestic violence during pregnancy: a meta-analytic review","volume":"28","author":"L James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874183","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.874183","article-title":"Changes in prevalence and severity of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"F Thiel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e055790","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055790","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intimate partner violence during pregnancy: evidence from a multimethods study of recently pregnant women in Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"S N Wood","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729159","article-title":"Food insecurity in an urban pregnancy cohort","volume":"40","author":"K Sullivan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-019-02811-7","article-title":"Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and utilization of WIC services","volume":"23","author":"S W Masho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2019.08.002","article-title":"Qualitative, interpretive metasynthesis of women's experiences of intimate partner violence during pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"S R Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women. prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"C Garc\u00eda-Moreno","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 2018. Data From the Period Linked Birth\/Infant Death File","author":"D Ely","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2491-4269.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T22:32:03Z","timestamp":1751927523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2491-4269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2491-4269","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]}}}