{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:15:04Z","timestamp":1790662504966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Aim of the Study\u2003Both Poland syndrome (PS) and tuberous breast (TB) are anomalies affecting the breast, but they are considered mutually exclusive. Our aim was to determine the possible coexistence of PS and TB and to discuss TB management when associated with PS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Between 2010 and 2023, 51 female adolescent PS patients were studied at our center. Among these, we evaluated those who developed TB after puberty. PS diagnosis was made based on the hypoplasia or absence of pectoralis major muscle detected clinically and confirmed radiologically. Breast anomaly on PS side was classified with Thorax Breast and Nipple (TBN) classification: B1 corresponds to breast hypoplasia, B2 to breast aplasia. TB diagnosis was made with a clinical evaluation after puberty. TB cases were classified according to Grolleau classification.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Main Results\u2003Among 51 postpubertal PS females, we identified 23 (45%) who developed TB. In 3 cases (13%) TB was bilateral, in 20 (87%) contralateral to PS affected side. Age at time of the first surgical procedure was 16 years. Patients were treated with breast implants, fat grafting, rigotomy, local flaps, or a combination of these. TB treatment was performed simultaneously with PS breast reconstruction when feasible, or after it.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2003TB incidence in our series was almost twice than in general population. This is the first study demonstrating and quantifying this association. TB deformity must be considered while defining PS surgical path in adolescents. Fat grafting is the first surgical option to treat both anomalies. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to minimize number of surgeries and maximize cosmetic results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2494-7611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:16:08Z","timestamp":1733271368000},"page":"009-014","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tuberous Breast and Poland Syndrome: An Underestimated Association?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2233-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Forlini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Unit, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Liguria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Franchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Victoria","family":"Romanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Unit, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Liguria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.02.011","article-title":"Correction of tuberous breast deformity: a retrospective study comparing lipofilling versus breast implant augmentation","volume":"70","author":"N Brault","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002018","article-title":"Body image disorders and surgical timing in patients affected by Poland syndrome: data analysis of 58 case studies","volume":"137","author":"I Baldelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9785-x","article-title":"The impact of surgical treatment on the self-esteem of patients with breast hypertrophy, hypomastia, or breast asymmetry","volume":"36","author":"M S Neto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007149","article-title":"The effect of surgical treatment on the quality of life of young women with breast asymmetry: a longitudinal, cohort study","volume":"146","author":"L C Nuzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200605000-00012","article-title":"Pediatric breast deformity","volume":"17","author":"K Latham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181aa0ef9","article-title":"Pryor LS, Lehman JA, Jr, Workman MC. Disorders of the female breast in the pediatric age group","volume":"124","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181aa0f3b","article-title":"Pediatric chest wall and breast deformities","volume":"124","author":"J A van Aalst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2016.08.003","article-title":"Seins tub\u00e9reux","volume":"61","author":"J Ellart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0650-9","article-title":"The prevalence of tuberous\/constricted breast deformity in population and in breast augmentation and reduction mammaplasty patients","volume":"40","author":"M Klinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast 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